Bimwe mu byavuye muri Raporo y’ibigo bibiri by’ubushakashatsi muri DR Congo yatangaje ko kugaruka k’umutwe wa M23 mu 2021 kwavuye ahanini ku makimbirane hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali na Kampala aho kuba impamvu zivugwa n’abakuriye umutwe wa M23.
Kuri uyu wa mbere tariki ya 5 Kanama 2024 nibwo iyi raporo yasohotse ikaba yarakozwe n’ibigo Ebuteli na Groupe d’étude sur le Congo (GEC), bikora ubushakashatsi kuri politike n’amakimbirane, yazanye ingingo yumvikana nk’aho ari nshya muri aya makimbirane ku kugaruka k’umutwe wa M23.
M23 – yigeze gufata umujyi wa Goma mu 2012 mbere yo kuwuvamo no kuneshwa abayigize bagahungira muri Uganda no mu Rwanda – ivuga ko irwanira guca ihohoterwa ku banyecongo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, gucyura impunzi ziganje mu Rwanda na Uganda, no kurwanya ivanguramoko uyu mutwe ushinja ubutegetsi bwa Félix Tshisekedi.
Ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe igarukaho, iyi raporo ntigaragaza ibimenyetso ku byo ivuga, igaragaza uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa byagiye biba mu bihe runaka ikabihuza n’umwuka wa politike wari uriho, igatanga ubusesenguzi n’impamvu.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko, “bitandukanye n’ibivugwa n’u Rwanda na M23 ko izi nyeshyamba zagarutse kubera ko leta ya Congo irimo gufasha FDLR n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa Abatutsi, ibi ahubwo ni ingaruka aho kuba impamvu zo kugaruka kwa M23”.
Ivuga ko “nta bimenyetso bigaraza kubura k’urugomo rwibasira Abatutsi muri Kivu ya Ruguru mbere yo kugaruka kwa M23”.
Umutwe wa M23 na leta y’u Rwanda ntacyo biravuga kuri iyi raporo, ariko M23 yakomeje gutangaza ko yongeye kugaruka muri Congo kubera ko leta ireberera ibikorwa by’urugomo byibasira abanyecongo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, ivanguramoko, no kunanirwa gukemura ikibazo cy’impunzi. Kigali nayo yagiye inenga Kinshasa kunanirwa gukemura ibyo bibazo.
Raporo ya biriya bigo bibiri ivuga ko Tshisekedi yageze ku butegetsi afite ubushake bwo kurangiza amakimbirane mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo “ariko kugeza ubu ntabyo arageraho”.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko Tshisekedi yasuye kandi yifuje gukorana n’ibihugu bituranyi bya Uganda, u Rwanda, n’u Burundi mu kurangiza ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo.
Ko mbere y’uko M23 yongera kubura imirwano, bamwe mu ntumwa zayo bakiriwe i Kinshasa kuganira na leta, bakahamara amezi menshi ariko bakahava mu Ukwakira(10) 2021 nta cyo bagezeho. Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 10 y’agahenge, imirwano yongeye kubura i Chanzu na Runyoni hafi y’ikirunga Sabyinyo mu Ugushyingo(11) 2021.
Iyi raporo igira iti: “Ariko, impamvu y’ingenzi y’uko kongera kugaruka kwa M23 ikomoka kuri politike yo mu karere. Ingingo y’ingenzi yari ubushyamirane hagati ya guverinoma za Uganda n’u Rwanda.”
Iyi raporo ivuga ko hari hashize amezi Kampala na Kinshasa biganira ubufatanye mu bukungu, muri Kamena(6) 2021 izo leta zombi zagasinya amasezerano yo kubaka imihanda ibiri: Kasindi-Beni-Butembo na Bunagana – Goma, yari kubakwa na kompanyi za Uganda. Ko “uyu muhanda wa nyuma wo wagombaga guca muri kilometero nke uvuye ku mupaka w’u Rwanda”.
Yongeraho ko mu Ukwakira(10) 2021, Kinshasa na Kampala byasinye amasezerano ya gisirikare yo kurinda ibyo bikorwa byo kubaka iriya mihanda.
Hagati aho mu Ugushyingo(11) 2021 igitero cy’ubwiyahuzi i Kampala cyishe abantu bane kigakomeretsa 37, cyigambwe n’umutwe wa ADF uvuga ko urwanya ubutegetsi bwa Kampala, cyatumye Tshisekedi aha uburenganzira Uganda bwo gukora ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri DR Congo bigamije guhinga no kurandura uwo mutwe.
Mu mpera z’Ugushyingo(11) 2021 hatangira ibikorwa byiswe ‘operations Shujja’ bihuriwe ho n’ingabo z’ibi bihugu byombi.
Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho k’Ukuboza(12), u Burundi, ku bwumvikane na Kinshasa, nabwo bwohereje ingabo muri Kivu y’Epfo gukurikirana umutwe wa RED-Tabara.
Iyi raporo igira iti: “Ibi bikorwa byungikanye byahaye leta y’u Rwanda kumva igeramiwe kandi ishyizwe ukwa yonyine mu karere”.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko mu gihe muri icyo gihe imibanire ya Kigali na Kampala yari yifashe nabi, impande zombi zishinjanya gufasha abazirwanya, “abakuru b’ubutasi bw’u Rwanda icyo gihe bavuze impungenge zabo ko Uganda yakoresha umwanya yahawe muri RDC mu guhungabanya igihugu cyabo”.
Muri uwo mwuka, iyi raporo ivuga ko u Rwanda ari bwo rwafashe ingendo yo gufasha M23.
Abategetsi b’u Rwanda ntibemeza ko bafasha M23. Mu kiganiro aheruka guha ikinyamakuru France 24 Perezida Paul Kagame yanze kwemera cyangwa ngo ahakane ko u Rwanda rufasha M23, yasubiyemo ko u Rwanda “rufata ingingo zikwiriye kandi zishoboka zose” mu kurinda umutekano n’ubusugire bwarwo.
Imirwano ya mbere ikomeye mu mujyi wa Bunagana yabaye muri Werurwe 2022, iyi raporo ivuga ko ibikoresho n’imashini bya Uganda byo kubaka wa muhanda byari byaroherejwe i Bunagana byagizweho ingaruka n’iyo mirwano, ndetse ko amakuru abakoze iyi raporo bacyesha abantu baho ari uko “ingabo za Uganda zinjiye mu mirwano ngo zirinde ibikoresho”.
Bunagana yaje gufatwa na M23 nyuma y’amezi atatu muri Kamena(6) 2022, kanid ubu igenzura igice gito cy’intara ya Kivu ya Ruguru.
Gusubirana k’umubano kwa Kigali na Kampala
Iyi raporo ivuga ko intege nke z’ingabo za leta ya Congo n’imicungire mibi y’ikibazo ku ruhande byatumye ikibazo kirushaho kumera nabi.
Ko Kinshasa yatangiye gukorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro na FDLR – irwanya leta y’u Rwanda – mu kurwana na M23, kandi ikanga kugirana ibiganiro na M23 yise umutwe w’iterabwoba.
Hagati aho, ku muhate wa General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame na Yoweri Museveni bwongeye gusubiranya umubano wabwo, mu 2022 bafungura imipaka yari imaze imyaka itatu ifunze.
Iyi raporo igira iti: “Nubwo amakimbirane hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda yagize uruhare mu gutuma M23 igaruka, kongera kwihuza kwabo ntabwo kwahagaritse izo nyeshyamba”.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko nubwo ibihugu byinshi nterankunga byamaganye u Rwanda ko rufasha M23 “ibyo ntacyo byatwaye u Rwanda kugeza ubu”. Igasubiramo ibyasabwe na leta ya Kinshasa ko “ibihano by’ubukungu “ ku Rwanda “byaba intambwe ya mbere yatanga igisubizo”.
Iyi raporo ya Ebuteli na Groupe d’étude sur le Congo (GEC) ivuga ko Kinshasa na yo igomba kuvugurura igisirikare cyayo, “ahanini gikorera kwigwizaho inyungu n’imitungo, kikaba urwego nyarwo rukorera rubanda.”
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukurikirana iki gitangazamakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacyo zemewe, mukazajya mugezwaho amakuru agezweho ako kanya.
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