Impuguke za Loni zavumbuye ibimenyetso bishya bigaragaza ahantu hari imva rusange bikekwa ko zishyinguyemo abimukira baturutse hirya no hino muri Afurika.
Abimukira ni imwe mu ngingo zikomeje kugibwaho impaka mu Rwanda. Ni nyuma y’uko ruherutse gusinyana n’u Bwongereza amasezerano azatuma rwakira ababarirwa mu bihumbi, bari mu Bwongereza mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.
Imva zabonetse mu gace ka Tarhuna mu Majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Libya, bikekwa ko ari iz’abimukira bishwe, bakahashyingurwa ubwo bageragezaga kwambuka bajya mu Burayi.
Muri ibyo bice, ni yo nzira buri munsi inyurwamo n’ibihumbi by’abimukira bashaka inzira iberekeza ku mugabane w’u Burayi.
Bahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo iby’ubugizi bwa nabi, ku buryo hari n’abapfa.
U Rwanda rwemeye kwakira benshi muri abo bimukira bahera mu mayira bashaka kujya i Burayi, mu gihe hagishakishwa igisubizo kirambye cy’ibibazo bafite.
Abo bimukira bazaba barengerwa n’amategeko y’u Rwanda, bahabwe n’izindi serivisi zaba uburenganzira bwo gutura, gushaka imirimo, uburezi n’ubuvuzi.
Ni amasezerano u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza bihamya ko nta handi arakoreshwa, ariko ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo hashakwe uburyo bushya bwo gufasha abimukira, kuko ubusanzweho butagikora.
Mbere y’uko u Rwanda rusinyana amasezerano n’u Bwongereza, iki gihugu cyegereye ibindi byo ku mugabane wa Afurika n’i Burayi. Ibyo birimo Ghana na Albania.
Bijyanye n’ibibazo by’intambara, ubukene n’imiyoborere mibi byugarije ibihugu bitandukanye ku Isi, abaturage barushaho kwiheba, bagafata inzira bakajya gushaka ahandi babona imibereho.
Benshi bahitamo kwinjira mu Burayi, bagakoresha uburyo bushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga ku buryo babara ubukeye.
Kugeza mu Ugushyingo 2021, Umuryango w’Abibumbye watangaje ko abantu 1.600 bari bamaze gupfa cyangwa se baburiwe irengero, bagerageza kwambuka inyanja ya Méditerranée ngo binjire mu Burayi.
Muri uku kwezi, abantu 90 baguye mu nyanja nyuma y’iminsi bagerageza kwinjira mu Burayi, bavuye muri Libya.
Icyo ni igihugu u Rwanda rwemeye kwakira bamwe mu bimukira b’Abanyafurika bagihezemo, bashakaga kujya mu Burayi bakabura uko bambuka cyangwa ngo basubire iwabo, bakisanga mu bigo bafungirwamo.
Mu Bwongereza, mu gihe kirekire abakora ubucuruzi bwo gutwara abimukira rwihishwa, bifashishaga amakamyo yagenewe gutwara ibicuruzwa.
Ni uburyo nabwo bwari buteye inkeke, kuko mu 2019 abantu 39 basanzwe mu ikamyo yagenewe gutwara ibintu bikonje, bapfuye.
Nyuma yo gukaza umutekano ku cyambu cya Calais mu Bufaransa, abambutsa aba bantu rwihishwa bahinduye amayeri, batangira gukoresha ubwato butoya.
Inzira ikoreshwa ni iy’amazi iri hagati y’Amajyepfo y’u Bwongereza n’amajyaruguru y’u Bufaransa, izwi nka English Channel.
Minisiteri ishinzwe umutekano mu Bwongereza ivuga ko muri Werurwe hinjiye abimukira basaga 3.000, bakoresheje bwa bwato.
Ni umubare uri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’abimukira 831 binjiye muri Werurwe 2021.
Guhera muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, nibura abimukira basaga 4.500 binjiye mu Bwongereza kandi mu buryo butemewe.
Urebye nk’umwaka ushize wose, mu Bwongereza hinjiye abimukira 28.526, umubare wazamutse cyane ugereranyije na 8.404 mu 2020.
Ni imibare iteye inkeke, nyamara mbere y’uko uyu mwaka urangira bazikuba kabiri bagere mu 60.000, bijyanye n’ibibazo birimo n’intambara yo muri Ukraine.
Ibyo bikongera igitutu ku Bwongereza, ko bugomba gushaka igisubizo kirambye kuri iki kibazo kimaze gufata indi sura mu rwego rw’imibereho na politiki.
U Bwongereza buvuga ko nibura kwakira no gukurikirana abasaba ubuhungiro bitwara miliyari 1,5 z’ama-pound ku mwaka, harimo arenga miliyoni 4,7 z’ama-pound atangwa buri munsi ku mahoteli yo kwakira abimukira.
Imibare ya Home Office mu Bwongereza igaragaza ko mu 2021, 75% by’abimukira binjiye bakoresheje ubwato buto bari abagabo bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 39.
Nibura 5% bari abagabo barengeje imyaka 40 ; 7% bari abagore barengeje imyaka 18, naho 12% bari abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 18.
Urebye ibihugu baturutsemo, Abanya- Iran bihariye 30% ; 21% ni abanya-Iraq, 11% ni abanya-Eritrea naho 9% ni abanya-Syria.
Iran yakomeje kuza imbere mu bihugu byohereza abimukira benshi mu Bwongereza banyuze mu bwato buto, aho mu 2018 bari 80%, mu 2019 baba 66%.
Izo ngendo z’abimukira kandi zitizwa umurindi n’ubucuruzi burimo amafaranga menshi.
Nibura kugira ngo umuntu bamwambutse English Channel ave mu Bufaransa yinjire mu Bwongereza, atanga hagati ya 3.000 na 7.000 by’amayero, ni ukuvuga hagati ya miliyoni 3-8 Frw.
Ibyo ubwabyo byerekana ko aba bimukira basabwa kuba bafite amafaranga menshi kugira ngo babashe kujya aho bibwira ko bazabonera ubuzima bwiza.
Ni ubucuruzi burimo abantu bakize badapfa kumenyekana, kuko usanga wa muntu uzakira 300.000 by’amayero ngo yambutse abantu mu bwato bwe, si we uzafatwa na Polisi igihe izaba iri mu mikwabu.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ubu bucuruzi bwinjiza abantu mu Bwongereza hifashishijwe ubwato buto. Hari impanuka kandi zagiye zibera muri iyo nzira inshuro nyinshi zirimo nk’urupfu rw’Abanya-Vietnam 39 basanzwe bapfuye mu 2019.
Impamvu abo bimukira bajya mu Bwongereza ni nyinshi, gusa icyita rusange ni uko hari bamwe baba bashaka gusanga imiryango yabo, bava mu Bufaransa bakambuka bajya mu Bwongereza.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bantu 402 mu nkambi y’impunzi iri ku cyambu cya Calais, bwerekanye ko 12% aribo bashakaga kuguma mu Bufaransa mu gihe 82% bari muri gahunda zo kujya mu Bwongereza.
Muri abo bashakaga kwinjira mu Bwongereza, 52% bavugaga ko basanzwe bafiteyo imiryango.
Bijya bivugwa ko isoko ry’umurimo mu Bwongereza rikurura abimukira, ku buryo na Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu Bufaransa, Gerald Darmanin, nawe yigeze kubishimangira.
Impuguke zisobanura ko iyo ngingo imaze imyaka irenga 20 ishyirwa imbere mu gihe cyose abantu abantu bavuze ku bimukira, ariko ko u Bwongereza bwo bwahisemo gukaza ingamba z’abashaka kwinjira aho kubigenderaho.
Mu Bwongereza umukoresha uhaye akazi umwimukira udafite ibyangombwa, iyo afashwe acibwa amande.
Mbere y’uko boherezwa mu Rwanda, hazarebwa niba nta byaha bitandukanye bakoze, gusa u Rwanda rwifuje ko rutakwakira abaturutse mu bihugu by’ibituranyi nk’u Burundi, Uganda, DRC na Tanzania.
Ntabwo impunzi zo muri Ukraine ziri muri izo zizakirwa muri iyi gahunda ahubwo abarebwa cyane ni abinjira mu Bwongereza banyuze nko mu bwato, bacurujwe n’abandi nkabo.
U Bwongereza busobanura ko buzatanga inkunga yo kwifashisha mu bikorwa by’iterambere bigirira akamaro izo mpunzi n’abaturwanda basanzwe muri rusange.
Ku ikubitiro, bwavuze ko bugomba guha u Rwanda miliyoni 120£ azagirira akamaro izo mpunzi n’Abanyarwanda binyuze mu bikorwa by’uburezi mu mashuri yisumbuye, ay’imyunga ndetse n’andi mahugurwa y’amasomo y’ubumenyingiro. Ibyo byiyongeraho ko bazafashwa kwiga kugera mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza.
Ntabwo muri ubu bufatanye ikintu gishyizwe imbere ari amafaranga ahubwo ni ibikorwa by’ubumuntu by’ubufasha. Impande zombi zisobanura ko abantu atari ibicuruzwa ku buryo hakwitabwa ku mafaranga azabagendaho kuruta ubuzima bwabo.
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