Ibitabo bitandukanye n’abahanga mu mateka bagaragaza ko hagati y’umwaka wa 1500 na 1900, nibura miliyoni 50 z’abirabura bafashwe mu Burasirazuba, u Burengarazuba no muri Afurika yo hagati bakagurishwa nk’abacakara.
Abanyamateka bagaragaza ko nibura ku nkengero z’Inyajya y’u Buhinde hagurishirijwe miliyoni 17 z’Abirabura. Icyo gihe ibice bimwe bya Afurika abaturage baragabanyutse, bicwa n’inzara, umuruho kubera ingendo ndende no gufatwa nabi.
Umwanditsi w’Umunyamerika, Sir Henri Morton Stanley nawe uri mu bageze muri Afurika mu bukoloni, yanditse ko nyuma yaje gusubira mu gace ka Maniema ko muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo asanga abaturage baragabanyutse cyane.
Iri curuzwa ry’abantu n’ubucakara byaherekejwe no gutesha agaciro, iyicarubozo, n’ihohoterwa ry’abirabura bo muri Afurika. Byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku birabura bose aho bava bakagera kugeza n’uyu munsi baracyahangana n’ibisigisigi by’izi ngaruka.
Ku ngoma y’Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili nibwo abaturage bo mu bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara no mu Karere k’Ibihugu byo mu Biyaga Bigari muri rusange, bari imari ishyushye ku isoko ry’ibihugu bya Amerika n’iby’Abarabu.
Rwabugili ni we mwami wenyine wanze gufata abaturage be ngo abagurishe. Ahandi mu bindi bice bya Afurika bararaga bafata abagabo n’abagore bafite imbaraga bakabagurisha abazungu n’Abarabu. Abami bagurishaga abacakara, bahabwa impano zitandukanye zirimo indorerwamo, amasaro, imyenda n’ibindi.
Umwanditsi akaba n’Impuguke mu mateka, Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu agaragaza ko Umwami Rwabugili yari yaramenye amahano Abarabu bari gukora mu Banyamwezi, mu Bagande, mu Banyoro n’i Karagwe n’ahandi hirya no hino mu karere. Abarabu bafatanyije n’Abami baho bari bamaze igihe bafata abaturage babo bakabagurisha.
Umwami Rwabugili amaze kumenyeshwa ko Abarabu bageze ku nkengero z’Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, yahaye itegeko ingabo ze ko umuntu wese w’uruhu rwera bazabona akandagira ku butaka bw’u Rwanda bagomba kumwica.
Hari amateka agaragaza ko mu 1871, Abarabu ba mbere binjiye mu Rwanda baje gufata abantu, nta n’umwe warusohotsemo. Ayo makuru barayabwiranye, baratinya cyane.
Nyuma bagerageje kureshya umwami Rwabugili, bamuzanira impano nyinshi zirimo amatungo, imyenda n’ibindi kugira ngo yemere kugurisha Abanyarwanda ariko arabyanga ni yo mpamvu abarabu benshi bakambitse bakagarukira hakurya y’Akagera, ntibatinyuke kwinjira mu Rwanda.
Abakoraga ubucuruzi busanzwe buzwi bo barambukaga neza bakinjira bagacuruza bakongera bagasubira iwabo. Abarabu bakoze ibishoboka byose ngo binjire mu Rwanda bafate abagabo n’abagore ariko umwami Rwabugili ababera ibamba.
Umushakashatsi akaba n’Impuguke mu mateka, Innocent Nizeyimana [yanditse igitabo yise ‘Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mu mateka yabo’] avuga ko abanyarwanda n’Ubwami bwabo bari bazi agaciro k’ikiremwamuntu ndetse n’uburenganzira bwe, ari nayo mpamvu bamaganye icuruzwa ry’abantu.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na RBA, Nizeyimana yavuze ko Rwabugili yakundaga abaturage be ku buryo n’ubwo byari bisanzwe bizwi ko abaturage ari rubanda rw’Umwami, kuri we atari ko byari bimeze.
Yagize ati “Iki gihe cyo gucuruza abirabura, Rwabugili yarabahakaniye aravuga ati njyewe ntabwo nagurisha abanyarwanda kuko si abanjye, ahubwo ninjye wabo. Abanyarwanda ni ab’Imana.”
Nizeyimana avuga ko muri icyo gihe Abanyarwanda bitaga Umwami wabo, Nyagasani. Ni ukuvuga ko yari ahagarariye Imana, iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu bikekwako yatumye yanga ko abanyarwanda bagurwa mu bucakara.
Ati “Abanyarwanda bumvaga ko Umwami ahagarariye Imana, none se Nyagasani yari kubagurisha ku banyamahanga? N’ubwo Umwami baje bakamwinginga yakomeje kwimana abaturage be.”
Amateka agaragaza ko hari abantu bagurwaga mu Burundi no muri Congo, mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika no Mu burasirazuba icyo gihe banyuzwaga mu Rwanda bagiye gupakirwa mu bwato bwo ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaalam bakanyuzwa mu Nyanja y’Abahinde.
Mu banyuzwaga mu Rwanda habaga harimo abana, abagore n’abandi bantu barwaye, u Rwanda rwababona kubera ubumuntu bwahoze buranga abanyarwanda, rugasaba ko abo bantu bagumishwa mu gihugu noneho u Rwanda rugatanga ingurane.
Nizeyimana ati “Abanyarwanda barazaga bakabategera mu nzira, u Rwanda rukemera rugatanga amaturo rukabagura, rugatanga ihene nyinshi rukemera rukarenza kubyo bari batanze aho babaguze rwarangiza rubabwira ruti aba bantu ntabwo mwabagezayo dore bararembye bameze nabi.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Babaguraga n’Abarabu babaga babajyanye muri Tanzania ku cyambu, ibyo rero byose birakwereka ko u Rwanda cyari igihugu kihagazeho. Ntirwigeze rugurisha abantu barwo ahubwo n’abanyamahanga rwarabaguraga rukemera rukabishyurira.”
Lt Col Gérard Nyirimanzi, umwe mu bagize Urwego rw’Intwari, impeta n’Imidari y’Ishimwe akaba no mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacukumbuzi b’Ireme ry’Umuco n’Amateka by’u Rwanda, yavuze ko kimwe mu bigaragaza uko Rwabugiri yanze gucuruza abantu ari uko bamwise ‘Bwana Mkali’ cyangwa se umugabo ukaze.
Ati “Abacuruza abacakara bo byari byarabananiye kwinjira mu Rwanda ku buryo hari umucuruzi umwe wavuze ati ‘Pale musiende wana, kuna Bwana Mkali’, banavuga ko kariya gace kitwa Bwana Mukari banakitiriye uwo Rwabugiri wari waranze gucuruza abantu.”
Nyirimanzi avuga ko no mu Rwanda hari hari amasoko yacururizwagaho abantu ariko babaga ari abavanywe mu bihugu byo hanze nka Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo.
Ati “No mu Rwanda hari isoko ry’icuruzwa ry’abacakara ariko igihamya gihari ni uko Rwabugili yanze gucuruza abantu. Babimusabye arabaseka cyane.”
Umusizi Nsanzabera yavuze ko Rwabugili yanashyizeho ingabo zo kurwanya abacuruza abacakara, zishyirwa mu Bugesera ngo zihangena n’Abarabu. Icyo gihe ngo hapfuye abarabu icumi.
Kigeli IV Rwabugili yari mwene Mutara II Rwogera na Nyirakigeli Murorunkwere. Yimye mu mwaka w’ 1853 kugera muri Nzeri 1895.
Src: IGIHE
Mushobora kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu, mukazajya mugezwaho amakuru agezweho ako kanya.
