Mu nkiko zo muri Suède harimo ikirego gishinja Perezida wa Syria Bashar al-Assad gukoresha intwaro z’ubumara zahitanye abasivile amagana mu ntambara yahanganyemo n’inyeshyamba zashakaga kumuhirika mu 2013 na 2017.
Ni ikirego gishinja ingabo za Syria n’umugaba w’ikirenga wazo gukoresha gaz yitwa Sarin, yica ihejeje umuntu umwuka. Iki kinyabutabire cyatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1938 ari umuti wica udukoko mu myaka, nyuma abakunzi b’intambara baza kuyibonamo intwaro ikomeye yakwifashishwa mu guhitana imbaga.
Perezida Assad n’ingabo ze bashinjwa kuba barakoresheje gaz ya Sarin inshuro zisaga 300 guhera mu 2011 bagamije gutera ubwoba no gucecekesha abaturage bakekagwaho gukorana n’inyeshyamba zari zugarije Leta.
Ibitero bikomeye bivugwamo gukoreshwamo izo ntwaro ni ibyagabwe mu Mujyi wa Ghouta mu 2013 n’ibyagabwe mu ntara ya Idlib mu 2017.
Niba Assad azigobotora ibyo birego ntabwo bizwi dore ko abihakana ariko birerekana ubukana bw’intwaro z’ubumara ku Isi, zimaze imyaka amagana n’amagana zikoreshwa.
Izi ntwaro u Rwanda rumaze imyaka 17 rusinye amasezerano azamagana, amateka agaragaza ko zatangiye gukoreshwa mbere ya Yezu.
Urugero ni aho mu mwaka wa 479 mbere ya Yezu Kirisitu, ingabo za Peloponnese ubwo zateraga Umujyi wa Plataea zifashishije umwuka uhumanya wa sulfure mu kwica bahejeje umwuka abari batuye uwo mujyi.
Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi yose ingabo z’u Budage, u Bwongereza n’izindi ziri mu zakoresheje ibisasu na gaz z’ubumara by’umwihariko iya Chroline na Mustard.
Mu nkambi ziciwemo Abayahudi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi yose, gaz zakoreshejwe mu kubarimbura zibarirwa mu ntwaro z’ubumara.
Mu myaka ya 1980, ubwo habaga intambara ya Iraq, Saddamu Hussein wayoboraga Iraq n’ingabo ze bakoresheje intwaro z’ubumara zirimo ikinyabutabire cya Tabun cyahitanye ibihumbi by’Aba-Kurde.
Loni igaragaza ko guhera mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi yose, abantu basaga miliyoni bamaze guhitanwa n’intwaro z’ubumara.
Hashize imyaka 24 hashyizweho Umuryango ushinzwe kurwanya Ikoreshwa ry’Intwaro z’Ubumara (The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OPCW). Uyu muryango ufite icyicaro La Haye mu Buholandi.
Uyu muryango ukomoka ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yasinywe n’ibihugu, agamije kurwanya ikoreshwa, ikorwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro z’ubumara kuko byari bimaze kugaragara ko bidakumiriwe, Isi ishobora kwisanga mu kaga gakomeye.
U Rwanda rwinjiye muri uyu muryango bwa mbere mu 2004, kugira ngo rufatanye n’amahanga kurwanya izo ntwaro by’umwihariko muri iki gihe Isi yabaye umudugudu kubera ikoranabuhanga.
Ibyo bivuze ko rutemerewe gukora, gukoresha cyangwa gukwirakwiza izo ntwaro kuko bihabanye n’amasezerano rwasinye.
Intwaro y’ubumara ni ikinyabutabire cyose cy’ubumara gishobora gutera urupfu rwa benshi, ubumuga, guhinduka k’umubiri n’ibindi. Izo zirimo intwaro z’uburozi n’ibisa nabyo, intwaro zose zigamije gutsemba abantu ku bwinshi binyuze mu kubahumanya n’ibindi.
Ntabwo izo ntwaro bivuze gusa ibisasu, ahubwo n’iyi miti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, mu buhinzi n’ibindi ishobora gukoreshwa nabi ikaba intwaro z’ubumara aho kuba iz’iterambere.
Ubwo yaganiraga n’ikinyamakuru IGIHE ducyesha iyi nkuru, Umunyamabanga wa Mbere muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Buholandi ari nayo ihagarariye u Rwanda muri OPCW, Jean Hugues Mukama, yavuze ko amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’intwaro z’ubumara, abuza ikoreshwa ry’izo ntwaro, ikorwa ryazo keretse mu bushakashatsi nabwo ku kigero gito, mu buvuzi n’izindi mpamvu zumvikana.
Yavuze ko nubwo intego nyamukuru ari ugukumira ikoreshwa ry’intwaro z’ubumara, OPCW inashinzwe gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry’izo ntwaro ku neza y’abatuye Isi no gushyiraho politiki zifasha mu ikoreshwa ry’izo ntwaro mu bikorwa by’iterambere.
Ati: “Ibihugu biri muri uyu muryango bisabwa gukorera hamwe no koroherezanya mu kubaka ubumenyi mu by’ubutabire (chimie) ariko ku mpamvu z’iterambere”.
“Uyu muryango utanga amahugurwa agamije kubaka ubushobozi n’ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’intwaro z’ubumara mu bihugu binyamuryango n’ubukangurambaga kuri iyo ngingo”.
Jean Hugues Mukama yavuze ko u Rwanda rwungukira no mu bufatanye mu bya politiki butangwa n’ubunyamabanga bwa OPCW.
Ati “Ni ubufatanye buza mu buryo butandukanye hagendewe ku bikomeye haba mu kubaka ubushobozi, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya za laboratwari.”
Urugero, muri Werurwe 2020, bamwe mu bakozi bo ku bibuga by’indege, abo ku mipaka na Polisi bahawe amahugurwa mu buryo bakwiriye kwitwara haba mu gutanga ubutabazi no kurinda abantu mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa ry’intwaro z’ubumara.
Ayo mahugurwa kandi ajyanye no gutahura intwaro z’ubumara mu bice bitandukanye abo bakozi bakoramo.
Nubwo hariho uburyo bwo gukumira ikoreshwa, ikorwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro z’ubumara hari ibihugu byinshi bikivugwaho gukoresha izo ntwaro.
Igiteye inkeke kurushaho ni uburyo izo ntwaro z’ubumara zatangiye kuvugwa no mu mitwe y’iterabwoba.
Muri Mata 2016, Polisi ya Maroc yasatse inzu y’ibanga yavugwagaho kuba icumbi ry’ibyihebe by’Umutwe w’Iterabwoba Islamic State, ihasanga udupfunyika tw’ibinyabutabire by’ubumara bwashoboraga kwica abantu benshi mu gihe gito.
Wabaye umuburo ko hatabayeho kwitonda n’ubufatanye, Isi ishobora kwisanga mu kaga k’iterabwoba rivuguruye, ridateza urusaku nka rimwe rimenyerewe ryo kwiturikirizaho ibisasu, ahubwo rikoresha gaz, ubumara, ibinyabutabire n’ibindi by’uburozi bihitana imbaga.
Buri tariki 30 Ugushyingo ni Umunsi mpuzamahanga washyizweho wo kwibuka inzirakarengane zose zahitanywe n’intwaro z’ubumara.
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