Kuva mu Cyerekezo 2020 cyarangiye kugeza ku ntego zimirijwe imbere mu cya 2050, u Rwanda rurashaka kuba igicumbi cy’ikoranabuhanga rukaba icyitegererezo muri urwo rwego haba muri Afurika no ku Isi muri rusange.
Ibimaze kugerwaho birashyigikira uwo mugambi. Ni rwo rwatangirijwemo umushinga wa Drone za Zipline zitwara amaraso hirya no hino mu gihugu, Robots zirasukura ahakekwa ubwandu bwa COVID-19 zikanafasha abaganga kwita ku bayirwaye bari mu bitaro nko kubapima umuriro n’ibindi.
Uri hakurya y’amazi magari ubu yabasha gusura Pariki zitandukanye z’u Rwanda yifashishije Virtual Reality (VR).
Ku batuye muri Kigali barabizi ko udafite ikarita ya Tap&Go atatega imodoka zikora ingendo rusange.
Uwishe amategeko y’umuhanda nko kurenza umuvuduko wabugenewe, polisi yimakaje ikoranabuhanga rya camera riyifasha kumutahura bitagombye ko yirirwa irunguruka ngo irebe “plaques” z’ikinyabiziga.
Ku rundi ruhande, akamaro k’ikoranabuhanga ni ukurushaho koroshya no kunoza ibikorwa bya muntu kandi rikamushoboza kugera ku cyo ashaka mu gihe gito.
Kuba umuntu agera kuri banki akabikuza amafaranga atabonanye n’umukozi, akarema isoko cyangwa akishyura serivisi atitwaje ibifurumba by’inoti ahubwo akitwaza ikarita gusa birishimiwe kuko byoroshye.
Ariko na none birashoboka ko wabaho nta mpungenge uhorana ngo ikarita yawe barayiba bayihahireho kuri murandasi utabizi, urayitakaza cyangwa uyibagirirwe mu rugo ubure uko wishyura.
Mu bihugu bimwe birashoboka kuba wajya kwaka akazi ntubazwe urupapuro rw’uko utakatiwe n’inkiko kuko babibona, ntibirirwe bakora isuzuma rusange ry’umubiri cyane ko indwara n’imiti uri kunywa muri iyo minsi bihita bigaragara.
Bisaba ko aba yaratewe mu kiganza microchip, agakoresho kangana urwara gakoranye ikoranabuhanga rituma gatungwa ibindi bikoresho byabugenewe nka ‘smartphone” cyangwa “microchip reader’ ugahita ubona amakuru ya nyirako yose.
Mu mpera za 2021, Abanya-Suède barenga 6.000 barayitabaje kugira ngo boroherwe no kwerekana ko bakingiwe COVID-19 aho babibazwa hose.
Yahise iba igihugu cya mbere ku Isi cyemeje ikoreshwa ry’iryo koranabuhanga mu guhangana n’icyo cyorezo.
Sosiyete y’Abongereza n’Abanya-Pologne, Walletmor, nayo muri Mata 2021 yatangije bwa mbere ikoreshwa rya microchip igenewe kwishyurana.
Ubwo yaganiraga n’ikinyamakuru IGIHE, Impuguke mu by’ubukungu, Teddy Kaberuka, yavuze ko u Rwanda rukiri mu ntambwe zibanza ubaye urwerekeje ku ikoreshwa rya microchips mu byo kwishyurana kuko zikora neza iyo amakuru ya nyirayo mu ngeri zitandukanye ashobora guhurizwa mu ikoranabuhanga.
Yatanze urugero rw’uko ibigo by’imari byo mu gihugu bikorana aho “udashobora gukoresha ikarita imwe ubikuza kuri konti ebyiri ziri muri banki zitanduknaye” yemeza ko magingo aya iryo koranabuhanga ritakora.
Ati: “Hari intambwe ya mbere ikenewe y’uko ibintu byose bihuzwa [mu ikoranabuhanga] ku buryo microchip yaza ikabyihutisha. Naho ubu uko bimeze ntacyo yamara”.
Microchip yerekana amakuru yose ariko kugira ngo iyagereho bisaba ko nayo aba abitse mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga kandi ahujwe.
Ni ukuvuga ko niba uyifite abasha kwishyura ayikoresheje, bisaba ko uko konti ye yo muri banki ihagaze biba bihujwe neza ku buryo nibayitungaho microchip reader byoroha gukuraho amafaranga kandi ajyanye n’akenewe gusa.
Umuvugizi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC), Mahoro Niyingabira Julien, yavuze ko aho ikoranabuhanga u Rwanda rufite mu rwego rw’ubuzima rihagaze, ubu nta bibazo rigaragaza.
Yatanze urugero rw’uko uburyo bwo kwerekana ko umuntu yikingije cyangwa yapimwe COVID-19 aho abibazwa, bworoshye cyane kuko yakwifashisha internet cyangwa telefoni iyo ari yo yose idakeneye internet ndetse nta kiguzi.
Kaberuka na we yashimangiye ko uko telefoni isigaye ikoreshwa henshi mu gihe amakuru yahujwe bifasha cyane ku buryo microchips atari zo kamara ngo ibintu byihute.
Icyakora ntihakwirengagizwa ko harimo itandukaniro kuko telefoni yanashiramo umuriro, yagutenguha igapfa cyangwa ukayibwa ariko microchip uyigendana nka kimwe mu bice by’umubiri wawe.
Nta bushake Abaturarwanda baragaragaza…
Guverinoma irashaka guhindura u Rwanda bandebereho mu ikoranabuhanga ariko inagendeye ku bifitiye akamaro Abaturarwanda n’ibyo bakeneye mu Cyerekezo 2050.
Hari amakuru ducyesha IGIHE avuga ko Abaturarwanda bataragaragaza ko bakeneye microchips, bityo Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo ikaba itari yiga kuri iryo koranabuhanga.
Akenshi imishinga nk’iyo itangirira mu Rwego rw’Abikorera bakayereka Guverinoma maze nayo yabona ikwiye kwigwaho ikayigaho.
Aho microchips zatangiye gukoreshwa hose, uyiterwa abikorerwa ku bushake nta tegeko.
Uwatanze amakuru yagize ati: “Abanyarwanda babihisemo babikora. Bazanabikora [ariko] ntabwo iyo gahunda yari yagerwaho, ntabwo Minisiteri iricara ngo iyitekerezeho”.
Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Ibikorwa mu Ishami ry’Ikoranabuhanga mu Rugaga rw’Abikorera mu Rwanda (ICT Chamber), Tuyizere Moïse, yahamirije kiriya gitangazamakuru ko nta bashoramari bashishikariye umushinga wa microchips baragana PSF.
Ati: “Mu Rwego rw’Abikorera ntiturabona ko [microchips] zikenewe hano mu Rwanda. Abashoramari bashishikara bitewe n’uko babona ikintu gikenewe, hari ikibazo runaka bashobora gukemura bakoresheje iryo koranabuhanga”.
“Kugeza ubu tugendeye aho u Rwanda ruri, mu by’ukuri iryo koranabuhanga ntirikenewe ku buryo twavuga ngo hari ibigo by’abikorera cyangwa abashoramari babona inyungu mu kuba barizana”.
Tuyizere yanagaragaje ko umushinga wa microchips uhenze ku buryo usaba ishoramari ryagutse cyane.
Ati: “Ishoramari ryagutse kandi rikora ku buzima bw’abantu akenshi rigirwamo uruhare n’ubushake bwa Guverinoma, igatanga amahirwe ku bashoramari baba bifuza kuza gushora ayabo muri urwo rwego”.
Yatanze urugero rwa Robots zipima COVID-19 zazanywe n’abikorera, avuga ko byaturutse ku kuba bareretswe ko zikenewe kandi hari ibyo baboroherezaho.
Yakomeje ati “No kuri izo microchips ni bimwe, Guverinoma ni yo izagira uruhare mu kuba zashorwamo imari”.
Mu itangazo Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika,Three Square Market (32M) cyasohoye mu 2017 ubwo cyari kigiye gutera Microchips mu bakozi bacyo, cyavuze ko imwe yaguzwe 300$.
Iyo bayitera mu mubiri, bayishyira mu rushinge bagatera ku kiganza (inyuma), hagati y’igikumwe n’urutoki rubanza.
Kuko iziterwa mu bantu nta batiri ziba zifite, hagaragazwa ko zitakwangiza umubiri. Icyakora ntihabura bamwe bahangayikira umutekano w’amakuru yabo yaba azibitsweho ashobora kugerwaho n’umuntu ubegereye ufite microchip reader.
Hari n’impungenge z’uko abazikoresha bashobora kugabwaho ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga zigahindurirwa akamaro (reprogrammer).
Inzobere mu by’Ikoranabuhanga ishinzwe Umutekano w’Amakuru muri NINICT, Kajangwe Maurice, avuga ko umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga udakuraho iby’ingenzi rije gukemura.
Ati: “Habanza hajyaho politiki runaka noneho tukareba uko twayirinda.[…] Uko byagenda kose politiki ishyigikiye ko [microchips] zakoreshwa twayirinda, ntabwo twabuza ko ijyaho”.
“Ikoranabuhanga uko byagenda kose riza rifite ibibazo ariko rifite n’ibyo rije gukemura. Tureba ngo ni izihe ngamba zikwiye gushyirwaho kugira ngo ibyo bibazo tubigabanye cyangwa tubikureho burundu”.
Kugeza ubu Suède ni cyo cyitegererezo cy’Isi mu ikoreshwa rya microchips. Bivugwa ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zigeze kwiha intego yo kuzaba nta mwenegihugu zifite utaratewemo microchip mu mpera za 2020 ariko ntibyagezweho.
Uretse ibyavuzwe haruguru, microchip ishobora no gutuma uwayitewe afungura urugi atarukozeho, gukura ijambo banga muri mudasobwa atayikozeho cyangwa ukaba wanasinya ko wageze ku kazi utagombye gukandisha igikumwe ku cyuma cyabugenewe.
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