Amateka y’u Rwanda yatekererejwe benshi mu buryo bukocamye ku kigero cyo hejuru! Bituma benshi bagenda bayazeyuka banayafata uko atari u Rwanda rugafatwa nk’igihugu cyaremanywe icyaha n’icyasha kandi mu buryo buzwi uhereye mu muzi wa rwo ari igihugu cyamaze imyaka isaga 870 ( 1091-1961) gihamye, gifite inkingi zihanitse zubakiweho ubuzima bwose haba mu miyoborere, imibereho myiza y’abaturage, umutekano, ubukungu, ububanyi n’amahanga n’ibindi.
Aha hakaba hakwiye kwibazwa impamvu nyirizina yatumye u Rwanda rufatwa gutyo abakuze n’abato bakaba nta yandi mateka bazi usibye ay’ubugome, iyicarubozo, ihohotera n’ibindi bibi batwerera u Rwanda.
Muri iyi nkuru tugiye gutekerereza hamwe bimwe mu bintu byagiye byambikwa bamwe mu batwaye u Rwanda nk’icyasha cyo kuruharabika nk’urutarigeze iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Turabonamo n’imvano y’abakoze ibyo n’impamvu yabibateye.
Iyo usesenguye amateka y’u Rwanda cyane cyane mu bihe by’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami hakajyaho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Repubulika, usanga hari imvugo nyinshi zishingiye ku mateka y’u Rwanda zishimangira ibibi byaranze abakurambere mpangarwanda barubayemo abami n’abagabekazi byose bigamije kubangisha abaturage no gushimangira ubuhezanguni binjiranye muri Repubulika bushingiye ku moko mpangano y’ubuhutu, ubutwa n’ubututsi.
Abanyepolitiki bo muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, ni bo bagiye badukana imvugo nyinshi zisesereza abo bakurambere, zibaharabika mu rwego ruhanitse, mu rwego rwo kwiyegerezaho abaturage batashakaga iyo mpinduramatwara ishingiye ku nzangano z’Abahutu n’Abatutsi, kuko bari bazi ko ari ibihimbano.
Nyuma y’aho ubwami buhirikiwe, umujyo wabaye uw’imiyoborere yubakiye ku kinyoma cyambika u Rwanda icyasha cy’igihe kirekire mu mateka yarwo, benshi bakomeza kubirebera babirekera iyo bigoramiye, habura uwabinyomoza ngo yamamaze ubwiza n’ubwema bwaranze u Rwanda mu bihe by’ingoma ya cyami. Bimwe mu binyoma bari barabyubatse mu buryo bukurikira.
‘Abahutu n’Abatutsi ntibigeze bashakana na rimwe!’
Iyi mvugo yagiye ivugwa n’abanyepolitiki bo muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri iranamamara cyane kuko yanditswe no mu bitabo byinshi bivuga ku mateka y’u Rwanda. Biha inshingano zo kuyatatura nk’abayazi nyamara ari mu gicuku! Agatsinda u Rwanda ntirwahanganywe amoko y’ubuhutu, ubututsi n’ubutwa.
U Rwanda rwahanganywe n’imbumbe y’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda ikubiye mu bice by’ingenzi bitatu: Ibicumbi bikuru, imiryango migari n’inzu z’imiryango.
Uhereye ku bicumbi bikuru ukageza ku nzu z’imiryango migari, ntabwo byubakiwe rimwe, ahubwo ni intera yagiye igerwaho uko igihugu cyagendaga cyiyubaka, ari na ko abaturage bacyo bororokaga, bakibumbira muri ayo matsinda, ahanini ashingiye ku banyabigwi bayakomokamo n’umurage bahawe mu mushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda.
Ubushyingirane bw’imiryango migari, ni kimwe mu byubakiweho igihe kirekire mu guhuza u Rwanda rwari rutuwe n’abaturutse imihanda yose.
Urugero rukomeye twatanga, ni urw’uko Gihanga ufatwa nk’umukurambere wahanze u Rwanda, ari we wa mbere washatse mu miryango itatu badasangiye igisekuruza mu rwego rwo gufungurira buri munyarwanda uriho n’uzamukurikira, uburyo buboneye bwo kubaka igihugu cyunze ubumwe.
Mu bagore Gihanga yashatse, bose bari abanyamahanga kuri we kuko bakomokaga mu bihugu byahanzwe mbere ho imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko ahanga igihugu cye cy’i Gasabo cyabaye inkomoko y’u Rwanda.
Abo bagore barimo Nyirampirangwe za Rwamba ukomoka mu muryango mugari w’Abenengwe, Nyangobero za Ngabo ukomoka mu muryango mugari w’Abashi ndetse na Nyamususa wa Jeni na Nyirampingiye bakomokaga mu Basinga b’Abasangwabutaka.
Kuva icyo gihe cyose, umwami w’u Rwanda yari abwirijwe gushaka abagore mu miryango yose y’Abanyarwanda uko ari 26, nta n’umwe usubijwe inyuma, keretse uwatoranywaga nk’umugore w’ingabwa wagombaga kuzabyarira umwami igihugu na we watoranywaga n’indagu zigendeye ku miryango y’ibibanda (Imiryango yavagamo abagabekazi).
Irivuze umwami rirasakara! Imiryango yose y’Abanyarwanda yagiye muri uwo mujyo wo kuvanga imiryango migari mu gihe cy’urushako kugeza ubwo biremyemo urundi rwego rushinzwe gukemura imanza z’imiryango rwiswe “Abase b’imiryango”, ari na bo bari bashinzwe gutangiza no gusoza imanza zose z’imiryango, zirimo gutangiza ihinga, isarura, ubukwe, umuganura, urubanza, kurangiza imanza n’ibindi.
Aho ibyiciro by’imiterere y’aho igihugu kigeze n’imibereho y’abaturage byadukiye mu bihe by’ingoma ya Cyilima Rugwe, ubuhutu, ubututsi n’ubutwa, ntibyigeze bikoma mu nkokora uwo murage wa Gihanga wo gusangira urushako nk’uko basangiye igihugu.
Imiryango yose yarashakanaga nta vangura rishingiye kuri ibyo byiciro bimeze nk’iby’ubudehe kuko n’ubundi Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa washoboraga kubasanga mu miryango yose y’Abanyarwanda.
Ikinyoma cyadukanywe n’Aba-Parmehutu mu kubakiraho impinduramatwara yabo, cy’uko kuva na kera na kare Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa batashakanaga, cyari cyambaye ubusa rwose!
Mu rushako rw’Abanyarwanda nta vangura rishingiye ku moko ryigeze ribaho, ahubwo ni bo baryadukanye barangije baryitirira amateka y’igihugu cyose, ubwo bahangaga icyiswe” Amategako icumi y’Abahutu” yahanzwe na Habyarimana Yozefu (Gitera) ari na yo yubakiweho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu wa 1994.
Umwami yashakaga gucira, umuhutu akasama bakamuciramu kanwa!
Iki kinyoma cyaciye ibintu mu bihe by’amashyaka yo mu wa 1959, aho bavugaga ko nta mwami wigeze ashaka gucira ngo acire hasi. Ababyamamaje bemezaga ko iyo umwami yashakaga gucira, ataciraga hasi, ahubwo bateganyaga umugabo w’Umuhutu ugomba kumwicara iruhande, yashaka gucira akamucira mu kanwa.
Iki kinyoma cyahimbwe mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwangisha Abanyarwanda abakurambere babo babaye Abami b’u Rwanda bakarwagura, bakarurinda bakanarurasanira aho rukomeye.
Ibi bivugwa ni ibinyoma byubakiweho impinduramatwara yo mu wa 1959, yagejeje Abahezanguni b’Abahutu ku butegetsi, banaheraho birukana Abatutsi mu gihugu bari basangiye.
‘Mu musezero babanzagamo umuhutu ari muzima, bakamutabarizaho umugogo w’umwami’
Iki kinyoma cyahanzwe mu bihe bya vuba, ndetse kinandikwa mu bitabo byinshi byigishwa nk’amateka y’u Rwanda mu mashuri Abanza, Ayisumbuye, Amakuru na za Kaminuza. Ibi, byanditswe kandi binamamazwa na zimwe mu ntiti zari zirangaje imbere u Rwanda rwa nyuma y’ubwigenge.
Ushobora kwibaza ngo ko ubihakana wari uhari! Ari ko benshi mu bacukumbuye amateka nyakuri y’u Rwanda baguhamiriza ko atari byo kuko mu bucukumbuzi bw’amateka bwakozwe, nta na hamwe amateka yigeze adutekerereza ko mu bami 28 bazwi ko batwaye u Rwanda, batabarijwe bagombye kubasasira umugabo w’umuhutu ukiri muzima! Usibye no kumusasira ukiri muzima, nta n’uwapfuye bigeze bamusasira.
Byose byakozwe n’abo biyise impirimbanyi za Demokarasi, bashaka kwangisha Abanyarwanda, ingoma ya cyami no kurushaho kwitirira ubugome Abatutsi bitirirwaga ko ari bo babaye mu ngoma ya cyami ngo babone uko babahambiriza n’ibyaha byinshi.
Kanjogera yahagurukiraga ku bana b’abahutu
Nyirayuhi Kanjogera yatwaranye ingoma n’abami nka Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa, ndese n’umuhungu we Yuhi V Musinga, kuva ku wa 15 Nzeri 1895 kugeza ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931, ubwo umwami Musinga na Nyirayuhi Kanjogera wari umubereye umugabekazi, babacaga ku bwami.
Mu rufatiro rw’ibinyoma byifashishijwe mu mpinduramatwara ikuraho ubwami, hari n’ibinyoma byafatiwe kuri Kanjogera by’uko yashakaga guhagukura, agafata inkota akayishinga mu nda z’abana b’abahutu, akabapfumura akabona guhaguruka.
Abamamaje ayo mateka matindi, bagaragaje ko uko Kanjogera yashakaga guhaguruka, bamuzaniraga umwana w’umuhutu ukiri ingimbi cyangwa se igihenga, akagarama imbere ya Kanjogera ubundi akamushinga inkota mu nda akamuhagurukiraho.
Aha bikaba bigaragara ko uwo mwana w’umuhungu yahitaga apfa nta kabuza kuko n’iyo yakomerekaga ntiyabaga yemerewe komorwa no kuvurwa kuko ryabaga ari iteka ryaciwe n’umugabekazi w’igihugu ritagomba kuvuguruzwa.
Iki ni kimwe mu binyoma byamamaye cyane mu mateka y’u Rwanda, yaba mu bihe by’impinduramatwara yo mu wa 1959 ndetse no mu bihe byo mu 1990, ubwo Inkotanyi zakozaga agati mu ntozi zigatera Leta ya Habyarimana zigamije kubohora u Rwanda, ari na bwo urwangano Abahutu bangaga Abatutsi, rukanagaburirwa igihe kirekire rwongeye kubura.
Ibi byaha by’iyicarubozo bashinja Kanjogera, ntibyabayeho rwose, ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. No mu gihe aya mateka yandikwaga hari hakiriho benshi mu babayeho mu bihe by’ingoma ya Kanjogera bavuga ko ari ibinyoma bitigeze bibaho.
Ikigaragara aya mateka adutekerereza, ni uko hakiri urugendo rurerure rwo kwigisha Abanyarwanda amateka yabo, bakayamenya by’ukuri, bagafatanya no kwamagana abayagoreka kuko u Rwanda nta vangura rwubakiyeho, nta yicarubozo, nta karengane no kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu byigeze birubamo.
U Rwanda ni igihugu cyubakiwe ku ituze n’umudendezo wa rubanda, agatsinda cyari intaho y’Imana, kikaba igihugu cya Benimana.
Kwitwa u Rwanda, igihugu gitemba amata n’ubuki, nta bwo ari amashyengo cyangwa se ngo bibe ibintu byarugwiririye, ahubwo ni ibintu abakurambere mpangarwanda baharaniye kuba mu muzi warwo, kugeza ku ndunduro y’ingoma ya cyami.
Abanyarwanda bari bakiririmba ibyiza by’ababatwaye imyaka 870 (1091-1961), u Rwanda rwamaze ruyoborwa n’abami, byayoyotse mu myaka 33 (1961-1994) gusa yarangiranye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Urugendo rwo gusobanura amateka y’ukuri y’u Rwanda nirushinge imizi n’imiganda, abakiri bato basobanurirwe igenantekerezo n’ihangabuhanga abakurambere bubakishije u Rwanda rugashinga imizi.
Abagoreka amateka yarwo, na bo nibimwe amatwi kuko ari rwo rwobo rworetse imbaga y’abatari bake na n’ubu bacyomongana mu mahanga nk’abatagira iyo baba. Amateka y’u Rwanda, niyeme kuko ari cyo kirango cy’ihihibikana ry’abatuboneye iryo mu museso, bakaduha gakondo y’ibihe byose.
Src: IGIHE
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