Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu: Umuzi w’urwango, n’Ikimenyetso simusiga cy’itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu ni ikimenyetso cy’itegurwa ritaziguye rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ni mu gihe abahezanguni biyemeje kuyihakana no kuyipfobya bakunze guhoza mu kanwa no mu nyandiko zabo ko ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, ari ryo ryatumye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe bicwa mu minsi ijana gusa.

Imwe mu nzira abategura Jenoside bakoresha ni ugutandukanya abaturage, buri tsinda rigahabwa izina ryihariye, rikagenderwaho babatandukanya n’abandi badahuje itsinda, nyuma abibasiwe batangira kwamburwa ubumuntu.

Habaho kandi kwigisha abazayikora, abatagira aho babogamiye bakibasirwa, abazicwa bagashyirwa ku ntonde, hagakurikiraho kubica, ariko nyuma abateguye umugambi bakazabihakana.

Ibi bikorwa igihe kirekire kugira ngo abazakora Jenoside bazabe bariteguye bihagije.

Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu ya Gitera Habyarimana Joseph, wari umuyobozi w’Ishyaka APROSOMA (Association pour la Promotion Social de la Masse), ni ikimenyetso simusiga cy’urwango rwabibwe mu myaka 35 rutegura gukora Jenoside.

Aya mategeko ya Gitera yerekana ko guhindura Abatutsi abantu babi byatangiye kera, ubwo batangiraga kwicwa mu 1959, bakangwa urunuka abandi bagacibwa mu gihugu bakagirwa impunzi mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda n’ahandi.

Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu, umuzi w’urwango

Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu ni imwe mu nzira nyinshi zakoreshejwe habibwa urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi rwabibwe, rurakura, rugeza u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kuwa 27 Nzeri 1959 ubwo yari i Ngoma muri Butare muri mitingi ishyaka rye rya APROSOMA, imbere y’imbaga y’abarwanashyaka benshi, Gitera, yasohoye bwa mbere amategeko afite iriburiro rigaragaza ko rifite inkomoko muri Bibiliya.

Atanga amabwiriza ngo “guhera ubu…” akomeza avuga ko “Umubano w’umututsi n’umuhutu” ari “umufunzo ku kuguru, ni umusundwe mu mubiri, ni umusonga mu rubavu”.

Nyuma yo kugereranya umubano w’abantu n’abandi nk’indwara cyangwa udukoko turyana, Gitera yongeye kuvuga ngo “Ntuzongere kwemera cyangwa kwizera Umututsi”.

Dore ayo mategeko:

Guhera ubu emera kandi wizere Imana gusa yonyine hamwe n’ubushobozi bwawe. Ntuzongere kwemera cyangwa kwizera umututsi.

Ntuzigere kongera kwirahira umututsi yuje ubwangwe

Ntuzigere ujya inama na we kamere k’umututsi ni ubushukanyi,

Ntukagire umubano nawe; kubana n’umututsi ni ukwihambiraho urusyo;

Uwahora umututsi inabi yagize, nta mututsi wasigara mu Rwanda. Guhora si byiza ariko kwirinda umwanzi cyangwa kwirwanaho aguteye birateganyijwe mu mategeko yose;

Ntuzasambane n’umututsikazi, kubarongora ntibibujijwe, kubajajabaho ni wo mwaku cyangwa kubiyomekaho nk’uburondwe.

Ntukabeshye nk’umututsi ahubwo jya uvuga ukuri kose. Amayeri y’umututsi jya uyagaragaza yose

Ntuzibe nk’umututsi, musyigingize yibe;

Kurarikira abagore babo cyangwa abakobwa babo ni inabi, nta kimero barusha abacu ahubwo babarusha ingeso nyinshi zitari nziza

Ntukararikire iby’abandi nk’umututsi cyangwa sohoka ninjire by’umututsi, ni umwaku uteye ubwoba baragatsindwa i Rwanda.

Nyuma yo gutangaza aya mategeko 10 y’Abahutu, yanayasohoye mu kinyamakuru cya APROSOMA Ijwi rya Rubanda rugufi.

Ingaruka z’aya mategeko ntizatinze kugaragara kuko mu mezi abiri yakurikiyeho, abarwanashyaka ba APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU bisunze aya mategeko maze batangira kwica abatutsi, gusahura no kubatwikira. Ibi byarakomeje mu myaka ya 1960, 1961, 1962.

Bivugwa ko ibi bikorwa byahitanye Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi 25 mu gihugu hose naho abasaga ibihumbi 400 bahungira mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo ibyo muri Afurika n’ahandi.

Abatutsi basigaye mu Rwanda bakomeje gukorerwa itotezwa rikomeye babaho nk’abatagira igihugu, ntibanganya uburenganzira n’abandi banyarwanda, ari nako bicwa.

Umushakashatsi akaba n’Umusesenguzi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Tom Ndahiro, yigeze kubwira ikinyamakuru IGIHE, ko amategeko icumi y’Abahutu yanditswe na Gitera yari yuzuye urwango rwinshi ndetse akaba yarabaye inzira itaziguye yaganishije ku itotezwa n’iyicwa ry’abatutsi.

Yagize ati: “Ni amategeko yari yuzuye urwango. Umuntu wumva ko mugenzi we ari uburwayi? Ubundi uburwayi urabwikiza, waba ari umusonga ukawushakira imiti, waba ari umusundwe ukawihandura ukanawica; uko rero ni kwa gutegurwa kwa Jenoside kuko byose bigaragaramo muri ayo magambo”.

Yongeyeho ati: “Icya mbere ni ukuvuga ko abantu badashobora kubana, harimo kwambura abantu ubumuntu, icyo kintu cyo kwita abantu imisundwe, kuvuga ngo abantu bice ku bandi, ni urwango rwahemberewe kera”.

Kuba nta hantu na hamwe bigaragara ko aba bantu babibaga urwango bigeze babihanirwa, ibishobora gusobanura ko byari bishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe.

Kwigisha urwango kwa Gitera, ntibyarangiranye n’ibyo yanditse mu 1959, dore ko muri iryo jambo yatangarijemo ayo mategeko 10 y’urwango yanatangaje ko ngo Abatutsi bashobora gushira mu Rwanda.

Uyu Joseph Habyarimana Gitera niwe wasobanuriye Perezida Habyarimana ko umugome ari umututsi. Mu nyandiko yise ‘Par qui et Comment reconcilier les Twa, les Hutu, les Tutsi du Rwanda entre eux’.

Inyandiko yise iyo gutanga umusanzu w’icyo yise ‘Protocole de la Réconciliation nationale entre les Rwandais’ (7 Gicurasi 1976) igenewe Perezida Habyarimana. Igice kimwe cy’iyo nyandiko cyandukuwe muri Kangura No 6 Ukuboza 1990 (p.12-15). Iyi nimero ya Kangura akaba ari nayo yasohoye amategeko 10 y’abahutu.

Gitera yandikiye Perezida Habyarimana ngo ari igisubizo ku kibazo yari yaramubajije ngo: “Abahutu n’Abatutsi bapfa iki?” Gitera agasubiza ko bapfa ubutegetsi n’ububi bw’abatutsi.

Gitera avuga ko Abatutsi ari abagome bakaba n’abicanyi akanasobanura n’uburyo bakwiye kuba ku mugozi.

Amategeko ye ni nayo yagendeweho na Hassan Ngeze mu 1990, asohora andi mu kinyamakuru Kangura. Ibi byabaye intwaro ikomeye yo gukora Jenoside.

Gitera yavutse kuwa 12 Kanama 1920 i Cyinteko i Butare, ubu ni i Save. Yagaragaje inyota ya politiki ubwo yigaga mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda, aho yaje kwirukanwa atarangije.

Ifishi ye yo mu Nyakibanda yerekana ko impamvu yirukanywe harimo ko basangaga adashobora kuzavamo umupadiri mwiza, kuko icyari kimurimo ari ukuzavamo umunyapolitiki wa mbere mu gihugu uzahindura amatwara y’u Rwanda.

Mu 1957 yakajije umurego mu bikorwa bye bya politiki cyane cyane iby’ivangura no kwanga Abatutsi, aho yiyitaga umucunguzi w’Abahutu.

Tariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1957, i Save, Gitera ari kumwe n’abandi bagabo nka Munyangaju Aloys, Gasingwa Germain na Sindikubwabo Theodore, bashinze ishyirahamwe baryita APROSOMA. Iri shyirahamwe ngo ryari rigamije kuzamura imibereho ya rubanda nyamwinshi.

Kuwa 19 Gicurasi 1958, Gitera yashinze ikinyamakuru acyita Ijwi rya Rubanda rugufi. Iki cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya APROSOMA, anagikoresha mu kugaragaza amatwara n’ibitekerezo bye.

Kuwa 15 Gashyantare 1959 APROSOMA yaje guhinduka ishyaka, gusa intego yakomeje ari yayindi kandi nta mututsi winjiragamo. Gitera yaribereye umuyobozi.

Mu 1965 Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda, yafashe icyemezo cy’uko amashyaka yose avaho hagasigara irye gusa, ibi byatumye na APROSOMA ivaho nyuma y’imyaka ibiri, ni ukuvuga 1967.

Gitera yahise yinjira muri MDR PARMEHUTU ryari ishyaka rukumbi mu gihugu, yahise agirwa umudepite kugeza ubwo Kayibanda yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvenal Habyarimana mu 1973.

Kuwa 16 Gicurasi 1987 Gitera nibwo yapfuye afite imyaka 67 y’amavuko. Afatwa nk’umwe mu batangije kandi bakigisha ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, by’umwihariko guhimba no kwigisha amategeko 10 y’Abahutu.

IGIHE

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