Umugaba w’ingabo za Uganda zirwanira ku butaka, umujyanama wa Perezida Yoweri Museveni mu bya gisirikare akaba n’umuhungu we, Lt Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba yifashishije Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa n’Umwamikazi we, Rosalie Gicanda agaruka ku mateka y’akarere.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu butumwa yashyize kuri Twitter, Gen. Kainerugaba yashyizeho amafoto abiri; imwe y’uyu mwami uri mu cyiciro cy’Imena mu Ntwari z’u Rwanda, n’indi ya Gicanda.
Kuri aya mafoto, uyu musirikare yageretseho ubutumwa bugira buti: “Nyir’icyubahiro Mutara III Rudahigwa n’Umwamikazi we Rosalie. Amateka yacu ni maremare kandi arimbitse muri aka karere”.
Mutara III Rudahigwa wimye ingoma mu 1931 agatanga mu 1959, yagizwe Intwari kuko yaharaniye ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda, akanakuraho umuco w’ubuhake.
Umwamikazi we Gicanda yari uwa kabiri nyuma yo gutandukana na Nyiramakomari. Yiciwe i Butare mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Ntabwo Gen. Kainerugaba yasobanuye iby’aya mateka, gusa ubu butumwa bwaba bwunganira ubwo amaze iminsi atangaza ku Rwanda, avuga ko abatuye ibihugu byombi bafitanye isano ikomeye.
Ubu butumwa Gen. Kainerugaba yatangiye kubutangaza nyuma y’uruzinduko rw’umunsi umwe yagiriye mu Rwanda tariki ya 22 Mutarama 2022, rwabaye impamvu nyamukuru y’ifungurwa ry’umupaka wa Gatuna ryabaye kuri uyu wa 31 Mutarama.
Ku wa 25 Nyakanga 1959 ni bwo inkuru y’incamugongo yageze mu Rukali i Nyanza ko Nkubito y’Imanzi Rukabu, Umwami w’ibigango Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yatanze aguye i Bujumbura mu mayobera.
Mu myaka ishize, urupfu rwe ntirwavuzweho rumwe kuko yatanze hashize amasaha make agiye kureba muganga w’Umubiligi, akamutera urushinge ari narwo benshi bavuga ko rwabaye intandaro y’urupfu rwe.
Gushinja Ababiligi kuba inyuma y’urupfu rw’Umwami Rudahigwa bifite imvano nyinshi dore ko yari amaze iminsi yaratangije ibikorwa biganisha u Rwanda ku bwigenge kandi batarabishakaga.
Urupfu rwa Rudahigwa rwababaje cyane Abanyarwanda b’icyo gihe kuko rwatunguranye, ruza mu bibe bibi bari bakimukeneye cyane.
Kubera ibihe yajemo ubukoloni bwari bumaze gushinga imizi mu Rwanda, byatumye Rudahigwa aba Umwami wihariye wagiye agira amateka atandukanye n’abamubanjirije, haba mu buryo bw’imibereho, imikorere n’ibindi.
Ibi ni bimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe byamubayeho, bitandukanye n’ibyagiye biba ku bamubanjirije.
Ni we Mwami rukumbi uri ku rutonde rw’intwari z’u Rwanda
Mutara III Rudahigwa yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’Imena mu ntwari z’u Rwanda zibukwa buri wa 1 Gashyantare.
Ubutwari bwe bushingiye ku mpinduka nyinshi yazanye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda aca ubusumbane, akicisha bugufi kandi agaharanira ubwigenge bw’urwa Gasabo.
Urukundo yagiriraga igihugu n’abana bacyo rwibukwa cyane ubwo yemeraga kugaba inka ze ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayura yugarije Abanyarwanda.
Yanze akarengane akarwanya yivuye inyuma ndetse aba Umucamanza Mukuru mu Rukiko rw’Umwami kubera ukuri, ubutabera n’ubunyangamugayo byamurangaga.
Yakuyeho inka z’inkuku zakamirwaga Umwami, aca ubuhake n’ubucakara n’indi myitwarire idakwiye yarangaga bamwe mu batware bo ku ngoma ye, byose bigamije kubona u Rwanda rufite abaturage bareshya.
Yashatse abagore babiri
Mu muco Nyarwanda akenshi umwami yusimburwaga n’umuhungu we. Ibyo byatumaga kubyara k’umwami bihabwa agaciro gakomeye haba kuri we n’igihugu muri rusange, kuko uretse kwishimira ko yabyaye nk’ibyo muri rubanda yabaga akeneye uwo azaraga ingoma.
Rudahigwa yabanje gushakana na Nyiramakomali mu 1933. Babyaranye umwana w’umukobwa witwa Gasibirege waje kwitaba Imana akiri muto.
Nyuma yashakanye na Gicanda Rosalia babanye kuva mu 1942 kugeza atanze mu 1959.
Yatanze u Rwanda aruha Kristu Umwami
Umwami Rudahigwa ni we wa mbere washakanye n’umwamikazi bagashyingiranwa imbere y’Imana.
Hari muri Mutarama 1942, abyemererwa atarabatizwa kugira ngo abe umuyoboke w’Idini Gatolika na rubanda rukurikire intabwe ye. Yaje kubatizwa nyuma yitwa “Charles Léon Pierre”.
Ku wa 16 Ukwakira 1946, ni ho yatuye u Rwanda n’ ubwami bwe Kristu Umwami mu isengesho yasengeye mu birori byabereye i Nyanza.
Abahanga mu by’Umuco Nyarwanda basobanura ko guha u Rwanda Kristu Umwami we yari yabihaye igisobanuro cyo kururagiza Imana, atari ukurugabiza Abazungu nk’uko bamwe babitekereza.
Ni we Mwami utarimitswe n’Abiru
Mu myaka ya nyuma ya Yuhi V Musinga ku ngoma yasuzuguwe n’Abazungu cyane, bamwambura ububasha n’ubudahangarwa Umwami w’i Rwanda yabaga afite. Bapfaga ko atemera amategeko n’amabwiriza yabo, ibikorwa byabo akabirwanya.
Bahereye ku kumutegeka guca iteka atifuzaga, bahagarika imwe mu migenzo yari ifite agaciro gakomeye mu muco Nyarwanda nk’ikirango cy’igihugu, birangira banamukuye ku ngoma.
Abazungu bamukuyeho ni nabo bimitse umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa, babonaga nk’uzabumvira cyane. Ubusanzwe mu migenzo y’ibwami, Umwami mushya yimikwaga n’Abiru, nyuma yo gutangwa na se bikabera mu mihango yo kumutabariza.
Ibya Rudahigwa siko byagenze kuko yimitswe se akiriho, amaze kwirukanwa mu Rwanda yabaye impunzi mu mahanga. Mu buryo bw’ubu, ni nk’aho Rudahigwa yahiritse se ku ngoma kuko hatakurikijwe imihango yari isanzwe, akima se akiriho kandi atari we wamuhaye ingoma.
Ni we mwami wa mbere u Rwanda rwagize wize
Rudahigwa yasimbuye se akiri ku ntebe y’ishuri, aho yabangikanyaga inyigisho z’idini Gatolika n’amasomo asanzwe.
Se Yuhi Musinga ntiyari yarize, bivuze ko ari we wari ubaye uwa mbere wize. Amasomo yayaherewe mu ishuri ry’abana b’abatware, yongeraho inyigisho za Kiliziya Gatolika yigiye i Kibeho, ari nazo zamwongereye amahirwe yo kuba Umwami kuko abihaye Imana bashakaga ko igihugu kiyoborwa n’umuntu ubumvira.
Musenyeri Classe yamwiyumvagamo, bituma mukuru we witwaga Rwigemera nawe wari warize mu ishuri ry’abana b’abatware anakora i Kigali atabasha kwemererwa kuba umwami.
Yatangije ikigega gifasha abakene kwiga
Umwami Rudahigwa yari yarize ndetse amaze kubona neza akamaro k’amashuri cyane ko byamugejeje ku ntebe y’ubutware, ageze ku ngoma uburezi yabushyize mu byo yongereye ingufu cyane.
Yatangije Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari i Nyamirambo rikiriho n’ubu, atangiza Ishuri ry’Abenemutara i Kinyanza, ashinga amashuri adashingiye ku madini ndetse yohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga mu Burayi.
Mu gufasha abana b’abakene batabashaga kwiga kubera amikoro, Umwami Rudahigwa yatangije ikigega cyiswe “Fond Mutara” cyari kigamije kubagoboka nabo bakagerwaho na gahunda y’uburezi. Hari aba mbere boherejwe i Burayi kubwe ariko amaze gutanga icyo kigega cyabaye nk’igicitse intege.
Urukundo yakundaga siporo rwatumye ashinga ikipe
Mu byo Umwami Rudahigwa yari yihariye harimo no gukunda siporo itari yagateye imbere cyane muri ibyo bihe, by’umwihariko muri Afurika.
Ku giti cye yakinaga Tennis n’umupira w’amaguru. Yari afite n’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru yari igizwe n’abatware, yitwaga “Amaregura”. Iyo akenshi bajyaga gukina bahuraga n’ikipe y’Abazungu babaga mu Rwanda.
I Rwinkwavu muri Kayonza niho hari Stade Rudahigwa n’ikipe ye bakundaga gukiniraho.
Yatangije urugamba rwo gusaba ubwigenge
Umwami Rudahigwa ni we wateye intabwe ya mbere yanga agasuzuguro k’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi, yandikira Umuryango w’Abibumbye awusaba ko basubira iwabo Abanyarwanda bakiyobora.
Hari mu nkundura ikomeye yabaye mu bihugu bya Afurika mu myaka ya 1950. Bivugwa ko yari afite imikoranire na Patrice Lumumba waharaniye ubwigenge muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse na Louis Rwagasore mu Burundi. Bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko atarwanaga ishyaka ry’u Rwanda gusa ahubwo yari afite Afurika ku mutima.
Mu 1956 yandikiye Umuryango w’Abibumbye awusaba gukura Ababiligi mu Rwanda; mu ntangiriro za 1959 yongera kohereza ubusabe noneho avuga ko hatangwa n’itariki nyirizina igihugu kizaboneraho ubwigenge.
Uwo mwaka ni wo yagiyemo i Bujumbura ku wa 24 Nyakanga, aho yitabiriye inama y’abayobozi b’Ababiligi muri Rwanda-Urundi yari bube ku munsi ukurikira. Bukeye bwaho niho yatanze amaze guhura n’umuganga w’Umubiligi.
Yari yateganyije ko nyuma y’iyo nama yongera kwibutsa Umuryango w’abibumbye ko u Rwanda rukeneye ubwigenge.
Ni we mwami watuye mu ngoro ya kijyambere
Rudahigwa ntiyabaye mu Ngoro y’Umwami izwi nka “Kambere” yari isanzwe iturwamo n’abami b’i Rwanda.
Amaze kwima ingoma mu 1931, yahise atangira kubakirwa Ingoro ya kijyambere ayitaha mu mwaka wakurikiyeho.
Yarimo icyumba cye n’icy’Umugabekazi, ikababamo ibiro, uruganiriro,igikoni n’aho yashyiraga imodoka ye.
Yari iteye nk’izo mu Bubiligi, isize amarangi kandi irimo ibikoresho bitakiri bimwe bya gakondo nk’ibyo se n’abandi bamubanjirije babaga bafite mu Ngoro yubakishije ibyatsi. Iyo nyubako ya Rudahigwa n’ubu iracyahari i Nyanza.
Umwami watunze imodoka, akagenda mu ndege
Rudahigwa ni we mwami wa mbere w’u Rwanda watunze imodoka ndetse yakundaga kwitwara kuko n’igihe yerekezaga i Burundi akagwayo ni we wari wagiye ayitwaye.
Abami bamubanjirije ntabwo batunze imodoka ahanini bitewe n’uko nko ku bwa se Musinga nta mihanda ihagihe yabaga mu Rwanda ku buryo imodoka zahagenda ariko no kuba atarumvikanaga n’abazungu nta mahirwe byamuhaga yo gutunga imodoka ye bwite.
Rudahigwa kandi yabashije kurenga amazi magari agera mu Bubiligi n’indege, aba uwa mbere mu bami b’u Rwanda wari ukoze urugendo rwo mu kirere. Ni urugendo rwabaye mu mpera za 1949, aho yajyanye n’Umwamikazi Gicanda.
Mu 1959 nabwo byari biteganyijwe ko akora urugendo rw’indege yerekeza i New York muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kwibutsa Umuryango w’Abibumbye ko igihugu gikeneye ubwigenge, atanga bidakunze.
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