Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, John Rwangombwa, aherutse gutangaza ko nibura 90% by’Amadevize u Rwanda ruzigamye, abitswe neza kandi abitswe muri banki zo hanze ku buryo nta bwoba bwo kuba yatakaza agaciro.
Amadevize asobanurwa nk’andi mafaranga, uretse afite agaciro, yemerewe gukoreshwa mu kwishyurana mu Rwanda. Muri ayo, amenyerewe gukoreshwa mu gihugu ni Amadolari ya Amerika, ama-Euro, ama-Pounds n’ayandi.
BNR ifite Akanama Gashinzwe Gucunga Amadevize, gakurikirana buri munsi imicungire y’amadevize ikorwa n’Ishami rishinzwe Amasoko y’Imari muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu; iryo shami rigizwe n’itsinda ry’abakora ishoramari, iry’abakora ubusesenguzi n’iry’abashinzwe kwishyurana n’abafatanyabikorwa BNR iba yakoranye na bo ishoramari.
Raporo y’Ibikorwa bya BNR mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2022/23, igaragaza ko waranzwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga, byatumye habaho ihindagurika rya hato na hato ry’ibiciro ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane.
Ni raporo, Guverineri Rwangombwa, aherutse kuyishyikiriza Abadepite, ababwira ko muri Kamena 2023, u Rwanda rwari rufite Amadevize miliyoni 1,827$ mu gihe muri Kamena 2022, rwari ruzigamye angana na miliyoni 1,926$.
Ayo madevize yafasha igihugu gutumiza ibintu mu mahanga mu gihe kingana n’amezi 4.4 nta yandi yinjiye mu gihugu. BNR igaragaza ko igabanyuka ry’amadevize ryatewe ahanini no gutinda kw’ayagombaga gutangwa n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye.
Guverineri Rwangombwa ati ‘‘Kugira amadevize adahagije mu bubiko bwayo yakwifashishwa mu kwishyura ibyakenerwa byose, byakomeje kuba ikintu BNR ikomeyeho mu micungire y’amadevize.’’
‘‘BNR yakomeje kwitwararika ku ngano y’amadevize ishyira mu ishoramari ry’igihe gito n’iry’igihe kirekire ku buryo ihorana ubushobozi buhagije bwatuma ikemura byihuse ikibazo gitunguranye gisaba amadevize.’’
Mu mpera za Kamena 2023, ingano y’amadevize yashyizwe mu ishoramari ry’igihe gito yanganaga na 26.8% naho ayari mu ry’igihe kiringaniye n’ikirekire yanganaga na 73.2 %; ugereranije n’intego BNR yihaye ya 25% na 75%.
BNR yakoranye bya hafi n’abacunga imari b’umwuga n’ibindi bigo mpuzamahanga, basangira amakuru yingenzi n’imigire igendanye no gucunga amadevize.
Guverineri Rwangombwa ati ‘‘Gucunga inzitizi mu by’ishoramari byakomeje kuza ku isonga ry’ibikenewe, aho BNR yakoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo gucunga izo nzitizi zigendanye n’ishoramari ry’amadevize kugira ngo izisobanukirwe neza, imenye uko zishobora kuyigwirira kugirango ibe yashobora kuzikumira kare.’’
Umwarimu muri Kaminuza akaba n’Umugishwanama mu bijyanye n’Ubukungu, Julius Semakula, yavuze ko kuba igihugu cyagira amadevize kiba cyarazigamye ari ngombwa mu bukungu.
Ati “Mu buryo busanzwe, va ku muntu ku giti cye, ujye ku kigo, imiryango […] kuba umuntu akwiriye kugira amafaranga ye runaka yizigamiye ahantu ashobora kumufasha mu gihe agize ikibazo, ibyo ni ibintu bisanzwe. Nk’igihugu rero nacyo kigomba kuba gifite ubwo bwizigame ndetse bwinshi kuko ibibazo ibihugu bihura na byo ni byinshi.”
“Gishobora guhura n’ikibazo mu bukungu, tugafata ya mafaranga tukayakoresha, igihugu gishobora guhura n’ikindi kibazo gishaka gukemura, ubwo ndavuga mu buryo bwa politiki, umutekano […] ibyo byose, ayo mafaranga afasha icyo gihugu gukemura icyo kibazo kiba gihuye nacyo.”
90% by’Amadevize u Rwanda rwizigamye abitse mu mahanga
Amadevize igihugu kiba kibitse ashobora kwifashisha mu gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibindi bintu nkenerwa mu gihe igihugu cyaba cyahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu cyangwa ubukene.
Kubera ko Amadevize u Rwanda rubitse, aba ari mu Madolari ya Amerika, usanga akenshi ariho ruyabitsa muri banki zaho cyangwa se mu bigo bifite ubwo bubasha bwo kubika amadevize y’ibihugu.
Guverineri Rwangombwa ati “Tuyabitse hanze hafi ya yose, ntacyo tuyakoresha hano amadevize. Twebwe nka BNR nta madevize dutanga ngo tugurishe. Amadevize tubitse yose, ni ayo tubitse muri banki zo hanze.”
“Amabanki atwungukira, make wenda kubera ibiciro byagiye hasi, wenda ubu byarongeye birazamuka ariko ariya miliyari $1,8 tuba tuyabitse mu mabanki yo hanze kandi no kuyakoresha ni ukuyahererekanya dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga nta kibazo.”
Guverineri Rwangombwa avuga ko ayo madevize adashobora kwifashishwa mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibiciro ku masoko bitumbagira umunsi ku munsi.
Ati “Hari abatubaza ngo ese ko muvuga ko mufite amezi arenga ane y’ubwizigame kuki mwemera ko uko bimeze ku masoko uyu munsi? Ntituragera igihe cyo gukoresha amadevize y’ingoboka.”
“Twayakoresheje muri Covid-19, mu gihembwe cya Gatatu cya 2020, twagize ikibazo cy’amadevize ku isoko koko kubera ibibazo bya Covid-19. Byabaye ngombwa ko tuzamura amadovize twagurishaga kuva kuri miliyoni $4 ku Cyumweru tugeza kuri miliyoni $15. Icyo gihe byari ngombwa ko dukoresha ariya y’ingoboka.”
BNR ivuga ko ayo madevize adashobora kuzanwa ngo afashe mu kugabanya ibibazo by’amadolari akomeje kubura mu Rwanda.
Guverineri Rwangombwa ati “N’ubundi turagurisha buri cyumweru ku isoko ku mabanki, miliyoni $5 ariko ejo bundi byabaye ngombwa ko ayari ku isoko tugera kuri miliyoni $10. Ni uko tuyakoresha ariko ntituyazanamo ngo turwane n’igiciro, igiciro kigenwa n’isoko n’abayakeneye uko bangana.”
Yasobanuye ko ku rwego mpuzamahanga amadevize ari kunguka kurusha uko yungukaga mu myaka ishize kuko ibiciro byazamutse.
Yakomeje ati “Idevize rya Amerika ryarakomeye ugereranyije n’amafaranga yandi atandukanye kandi amafaranga yacu tuzigamye yose hafi 90% ni amadovize ya Amerika.”
Abasesengura ibijyanye n’Ubukungu bagaragaza ko kubitsa amadevize y’igihugu mu mahanga bituma adatakaza agaciro.
Julius Semakula yagize ati “Icya mbere, uyu munsi iyo ufite amafaranga ntuyafata ngo uyabitse iwawe, uyajyana muri banki ahantu hari umutekano, ubwo nimvuga umutekano, wambaza ngo igihugu cyo ntikiba cyizeye umutekano wacyo?”
“Buriya ibihugu mu buryo buri politiki […] umuntu wese areba umurusha umutekano, ubitsa rero ahantu hari umutekano mwinshi ku buryo mugize ikibazo runaka ayo mafaranga yazabagoboka.”
Semakula avuga ko indi mpamvu ikomeye ituma igihugu nk’u Rwanda kibika amadevize yacyo muri Amerika aba ari no mu rwego rwo kuyacungira umutekano.
Ati “Ariko mu buryo bw’ubukungu, bifite ikintu bivuze cyane iyo ufashe amafaranga ukayabika mu Madolari, ukayabika muri Amerika, iyo igihe kigeze uragenda ukababwira uti nabikije amafaranga yanjye hano, bakayaguhereza ku giciro kigezweho, atari cya kindi wayabikirijeho.”
Yatanze urugero ko niba warabikije idolari rigeze kuri 1000 Frw, uyu munsi ukajya kuyabikuza riri ku 1300 Frw, uyahabwa nta mananiza.
Umwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2022/23 waranzwe ahanini n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga, ibyo byatumye habah0 ihindagurika rya hato na hato ry’ibiciro ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane. Za banki nkuru nyinshi, harimo n’iya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zafashe ingamba zikakaye za politiki y’ifaranga ngo zirwanye izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro.
Muri uwo mwaka wose, Akanama gashinzwe Politiki y’Ifaranga muri Banki Nkuru ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (FOMC) kazamuye inyungu inshuro zirindwi, byatumye igipimo ku nyungu banki nini zo muri Amerika zigurizanyaho hagati yazo kiba hagati ya 5.00 – 5.25% kugeza muri Kamena 2023, kivuye hagati ya 1.50 – 1.75% muri Kamena 2022.
Muri Amerika, umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’igipimo rusange cy’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro wageze ku 9% muri Kamena 2022, bwa mbere mu myaka isaga 40 ishize, waragabanutse ugera kuri 3% muri Kamena 2023.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, utabariyemo ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa byangirika vuba n’iby’ibikomoka ku ngufu, umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro na wo wageze kuri 4.8%.
Iyo Politiki ikakaye ya Banki Nkuru ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yagize ingaruka ku nyungu zikomoka ku mpapuro mpeshamwenda za Leta, aho inyungu ku mpapuro z’imyaka ibiri n’iz’imyaka 10 zazamutse ku buryo bugaragara.
IGIHE
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukurikirana iki gitangazamakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacyo zemewe, mukazajya mugezwaho amakuru agezweho ako kanya. Kanda hano udukurikirane (Follow) kuri Facebook Page yacu.
