Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi irangiye, u Rwanda rwashyizeho umunsi mukuru rwibukamo intwari z’ibihe zahanganiye u Rwanda aho rukomeye wizihizwa buri tariki ya 1 Gashyantare buri mwaka. Hari abantu b’ibanze bashyizwe mu ntwari z’igihugu ziri mu byiciro by’Imanzi, Imena n’ingenzi.
Muri iyi nkuru ya IGIHE, tugiye kugaruka ku ntwari yo mu rwego rw’Imena, Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, wahanganiye u Rwanda mu bihe abakoloni b’Ababiligi bashakaga kuruheza umwuka, umwaku ukiganza.
Amateka tugiye kubatekerereza kuri Mutara III Rudahigwa, ni amwe mu atarabashije kumenyekana cyane ari na yo yagejeje ku iyicwa rye ubwo yatangiraga i Bujumbura mu Burundi ku wa 25 Nyakanga 1959.
Ubwo abakoloni b’Ababiligi batangiraga amavugurura y’imitegekere y’u Rwanda, nyuma y’uko batsinze Abadage mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi yose mu wa 1916, urwijiji rwinjiye u Rwanda.
Uwitwa George Mortehan, wari ugabiwe kuba Rezida w’Ababiligi mu Rwanda, azana umujyo wo guhorahoza u Rwanda n’amatwara yo kurwihimuraho ko rwafashije Abadage kubarwanya, nyamara bikarangira babatsinze.
Umwami Yuhi V Musinga, yarahagorewe cyane kugeza ubwo ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931 bamuciriye ishyanga kandi atari ishyano.
Amavugurura yitiriwe Mortehan, ni amwe mu yashegeshe u Rwanda ku buryo rwabuze ubwinyagamburiro, ku muzi w’iremwa ryarwo n’iyubakwa ryariye imbaraga z’abatagira ingano.
Mbere y’uko baca umwami Yuhi Musinga babanje kujya barandura uruhongohongo inkingi zari zishyigikiye umushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda. Aho mu wa 1926, bakuyeho ingabo z’u Rwanda, barema igisirikare cy’Ababiligi n’Abanyekongo.
Bacyinjira mu Rwanda, Ababiligi bahise basesa imitwe y’ingabo z’u Rwanda uko yari 13 yariho ku ngoma y’umwami Yuhi Musinga (Indengabaganizi, Indugaruga, Iziruguru, Incogozabahizi, Intangamuganzanyo, Ibihame, Imirimba, Imparabanyi, Urushashi, Urukandagira, Uruyenzi, Abakemba n’Abemeranzige).
Muri uwo mwaka ni na bwo bubatse ikigo cya gisirikare cya mbere mu Rwanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali, cyari ahitwaga Camp Kigali.
Imyaka yose yashize Ababiligi bakoloniza u Rwanda, nta ngabo z’igihugu rwagiraga, kugeza mu wa 1962, ubwo rwabonaga ingabo zarwo za mbere zo mu bihe bya Repubulika.
Ibikorwa byose bya gisirikare byajyaga bikorwa n’Ingabo z’Abanye-Congo boherejwe n’Ababiligi kuko ari yo yari Umurwa Mukuru wabo mu bihugu bakoLonije bya Congo, u Rwanda n’u Burundi.
Gukuraho burundu Ingabo z’u Rwanda, byaterwaga n’inzika Ababiligi baje bafitiye Musinga zo kuba yarafashije Abadage kurwanya Ababiligi mu ntambara ya mbere y’Isi yose.
Kandi akaba mu mateka y’u Rwanda, Ababiligi baje bazi neza ko Intambara y’Abanyarwanda, ari inkundura, ari abakogoto b’umuheto n’indwanyi kabuhariwe.
Bari baranahawe amakuru n’Abongereza bakolonizaga Uganda na Kenya y’intambara Rwabugili yarwanye n’Abanyankore, akabatsinda burundu, arwanisha imiheto n’imyambi, bo bafite Imbunda.
Bityo Mortehan, abona ko atanze uburenganzira bwo gushyiraho igisirikare cy’u Rwanda, bakabatoza imbunda, iherezo bazahindukirana Ababiligi bakabarasa bakabamara, bakanabirukana mu gihugu.
Kutagira Ingabo kw’igihugu cy’u Rwanda byashegeshe Abanyarwanda mu buryo burunduye. Ubutwari bwabo barabuniga ntibwongera kwigaragaza!!! Kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu ntibyongera kubaho, maze Abakoloni baba bababonye urwaho, maze babashyiriraho imirimo y’ikandamiza karahava!!! Waba utayikoze ibiboko ntabarika, bikakubona.
Mutara III Rudahigwa yagerageje gukomakoma Ababiligi ngo arebe ko hagarukaho ingabo z’u Rwanda ariko biranga birananirana. Na we ageze aho abirekera iyo bigoramiye.
Nyuma y’uruzinduko rwa mbere yagiriye mu Bubiligi mu wa 1949, rwahinduye byinshi mu mitekerereze ye. Yatangiye guhangana n’Ababiligi mu buryo bweruye. Agatangira kubabaza impamvu badateza imbere uburezi kandi yarasanze iwabo bwarakataje.
Ibyo yabibazaga ashingiye ku kuba Ababiligi barizezaga ibihugu bakoronije birimo n’u Rwanda ko bazabateza imbere mu bikorwa bitandukanye harimo n’uburezi, ubundi bakabona kubaha ubwigenge bagasubira iwabo.
Kuva muri uwo mwaka wa 1949, Rudahigwa ni bwo yatangiye gukuraho ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byahanzwe n’Ababiligi harimo n’imirimo igayitse y’agahato iherekejwe n’ikiboko, aca uburetwa bwari bugeze benshi ahabi mu myaka yakurikiyeho nko mu 1954, akuraho ubuhake, bwari bumaze guta isura y’umwimerere wabwo bwari bwaranganywe mu mizo ya mbere.
Mu 1950, ni bwo Mutara Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye guteza imbere uburezi, hanashingwa amashuri menshi, yaba abanza, ayisumbuye n’ay’imyuga. Mbere y’iyo myaka, amashuri yari yiganje mu Rwanda cyane, ni aya Seminari zateguraga abazaba abapadiri n’ayigisha gatigisimu.
Imbunda n’amasasu Rudahigwa yahawe n’Abadage zararikoze
Nyuma yo kwangirwa n’Ababiligi kugaruraho ingabo z’igihugu, mu wa 1953 Rudahigwa yahise yibeta Ababiligi ashyiraho Inama Nkuru y’igihugu igomba kumufasha gutekerereza igihugu, kuko yabonaga Ababiligi batacyitayeho, n’imigambi myinshi bayifata batamugishije inama nk’umugenga w’u Rwanda.
Muri Kamena 1958, Mutara Rudahigwa yagiye i Buruseli mu Bubiligi mu imurika mpuzamahanga ry’ibintu n’ibindi by’isi yose, ni bwo yazengurutse ahaberaga iryo murika, abona ibihugu byinshi byarakataje mu iterambere, akomeza kubabazwa no kuba mu Rwanda hakiri mu gicuku ndetse nta n’akayihayiho k’iterambere kaharangwa.
Ubwo iryo murika ryari ririmbanyije, Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa yibese Ababiligi bari bamutumiye, ajya mu gihugu cy’u Budage cyari gifitanye umubano uhamye na se Musinga, ngo ajye kureba ko yasubukura umubano bari bafitanye na se bakanabafasha kwigobotora Ababiligi basaga nk’aho ari inkorabusa mu rwa Gihanga, nta n’iterambere bashaka kurugezaho.
Muri ibyo bihe ni bwo yabonanye na Theodor Heuss wari Perezida w’u Budage ndetse na Konrod Adeneuer wari Chancelier bagirana ibiganiro ku isubukurwa ry’umubano bari bafitanye n’u Rwanda ubwo barwinjiragamo bakaza kwirukanwa n’Ababiligi mu 1916.
Amateka ntagaragaza neza ibyo baganiriyeho byose ariko hagaragayemo ko atabuze kumugaragariza imbogamizi bahuye na zo zo kuba Ababiligi baramwangiye kurema igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kuko nta gihugu kibaho kitagira ingabo zikirinda n’ubusugire bwacyo.
Mutara Rudahigwa amwereka ko ko agiye kurema umutwe w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda bubi na bwiza. Icyo gihe Chancelier w’u Budage Konrod Adeneuer yamwumvise bwangu, amwemerera ko azamutera inkunga muri icyo gikorwa.
Ku ikubitiro yamuhaye Kontineri yarimo imbunda zigera ku ijana ziherekejwe n’amasasu, nuko bamuha indege agaruka mu Rwanda.
Mu kugaruka i Rwanda, yaje abo yari yasuye batabizi, kuko icyemezo cyo kugaruka yagifatiye mu Budage, agera no mu Rwanda Ababiligi batazi ko ari buze, babimenya ageze ku kibuga cy’indege.
Ingabo z’Abanye-Congo zari ku kibuga cy’indege zabonye iyo Kontineri, ziyikurikiza amaso kugeza irenze igana i Nyanza.
Rudahigwa yanze kuyijyana iwe mu Rukari, ahita ayijyana kwa nyina Kankazi aho yabaga i Shyogwe, ubundi arinumira ariko amatsiko akomeza kuba yose, inzego zose zibaza uruhisho Rudahigwa yakuye mu Burayi.
Nta wagerageje kumwegera ngo abimubaze kuko byagaragaraga ko atakivuga rumwe na bo ku bijyanye n’imiyoborere y’igihugu n’ahazaza hacyo, bityo nta n’ibindi bagombaga kumubaza.
Mu gihe yari agitekeraza uko agiye guhamagarira bamwe mu basore b’u Rwanda kwinjira mu ngabo z’igihugu, Abayobozi b’Ababiligi na Musenyeri Andereya Peraudin, bamenye ko Rudahigwa yavuye mu Bubiligi ariko batangazwa no kubona ntawe yagiye kwiyereka ko yageze mu Rwanda. Ubwo niko gutangira kuneka uko yaje n’ibyo yazanye.
Musenyeri Andereya Peraudin wasaga nk’aho abishyushyemo cyane, yaranyarutse ajya i Shyogwe ku mugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi wari nyina wa Rudahigwa, ajya kumusura nk’uko yari asanzwe abigenza, aza no kumubaza amakuru y’ihindukira rya Rudahigwa.
Mu gihe baganiraga yamubajije iby’urugendo rw’umuhungu we ati: “Ese nta ka Divayi yakuye iyo ngo munsomyeho?”
Kankazi amusubiza atangara agira ati: “Yewe, mbese ko ari nyinshi yazanye, aho tuzazica umuzizi! Iwanyu baramutekereye dore ko bagira ngo iki!”
Nuko Kankazi aragenda no mu gikari yereka Musenyeri Peraudin ya Kontineri yarimo imbunda n’amasasu Rudahigwa yahawe n’Abadage, yibwira ko arimo kumwereka uruboho rw’inzoga Rudahigwa yakuye mu Burayi.
Ntabwo bigeze bakingura ngo barebe muri iyo Kontineri ariko amateka adutekerereza ko Musenyeri Peraudin, yasomye inyandiko z’ibirango by’ibiri muri iyo Kontineri, abona ko harimo imbunda n’amasasu.
Yahise ashyira nzira ajya kubibwira Ababiligi ko Rudahigwa yakoze ishyano akazana imbunda mu gihugu, bitegure ko isaha n’isaha azabarimbura.
Ababiligi baracecetse, ntibagira icyo bagaragariza Rudahigwa cy’uko bamenye ayo mabanga, ahubwo batangira guca ibico byo kuzamwivugana, ataragira icyo ageraho.
Rudahigwa yakubutse muri urwo rugendo rwe rwa nyuma mu bihugu by’i Burayi yarahindutse undi w’undi, asa n’uwariye karungu.
Yari yarafashe ingamba zikaze zo guhahira u Rwanda ubwigenge n’andi maboko kuko yabonaga gukomeza kugundagurana n’Ababiligi ntacyo bizamugezaho yiyemeza ko agiye gushaka umubano uhamye na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Urwo rugendo rwe rwagombaga kugera ku cyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye i New York, muri Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika kuvugana n’ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, uburyo u Rwanda rwakwigobotora ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi batagize icyo barugezaho!
Ibyo byamuteranije n’Ababiligi bagirana amakimbirane cyane hanashingiwe ku kuba yarinjije imbunda n’amasasu mu gihugu batabizi kandi agakomeza no kubibahisha ntabibamurikire ku buryo icyemezo cyo kumwemerera kujya muri icyo gihugu cyagombaga gufatwa na Minisiteri ishinzwe koloni z’Ababiligi hashize amezi atandatu.
Mutara Rudahigwa yahise afata icyemezo cyo kugenda atazuyaje, kugira ngo afatire ibintu mu maguru mashya.
Ku wa 24 Nyakanga 1959, Rudahigwa yagiye i Bujumbura mu Burundi kureba umuganga wamuvuraga witwaga Julien Van ngo amupime Uruhondohondo, bimuhe kwinjira mu ndege ajya muri Amerika adafite ubusembwa.
Ababiligi bo bari bamaze kwemeranya na Dogiteri Julien Van, ko umwanzuro ari ukumwica akimara kumugeraho.
Yabonanye n’uwo Muganga we mu gitondo cyo ku wa 25 Nyakanga 1959, amutera urushinge atangira kumererwa nabi, bitewe no kuvira imbere mu mutwe.
Julien Van yabonye bikomeye ahamagara abandi bo kumufasha ariko Rudahigwa arushaho kuremba.
Muri uko gushaka uko Rudahigwa yakira, Julien Van yahamagaye Padiri Vander Vene amusaba kumuha amasakaramentu ya nyuma kuko yabonaga ko birangiye. Rudahigwa yatanze bitunguranye ku wa 25 Nyakanga 1959 saa saba z’amanywa.
Yaguye i Bujumbura mu Burundi afite imyaka 48 kuko yavutse mu wa 1911. Urupfu rwe rwamenyekanye mu Rwanda ku wa 26 Nyakanga mu itangazo ryavuzwe na Radiyo ya Bukavu saa tanu z’amanywa ariko umuryango we wari wabimenye kare.
Umugabekazi Kankazi Ladegonde, Gicanda Rozariya wari umugore wa Rudahigwa n’abandi bo mu muryango ba hafi bafashe urugendo bajya i Bujumbura gusezera ku mugogo wa Rudahigwa mbere y’uko bamutabariza.
Guhirimbanira kugaruraho ingabo z’u Rwanda, kwinjiza imbunda n’amasasu mu Rwanda Ababiligi batabizi, ni byo byabaye akaminuramuhini k’urwango Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bangaga Rudahigwa.
Ibyo ni byo byashyizeho iherezo ry’umugambi mubisha bari bafitiye Mutara Rudahigwa wateguwe imyaka itari mike, ubwo yatangiraga ibikorwa byo guhangana na bo mu buryo bweruye, hagamijwe mbere na mbere, ubwigenge bw’igihugu n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.
Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ni Intwari y’Imena mu z’igihugu Abanyarwanda twibuka ibihe byose kuko yagaragaje ibikorwa bizwi kandi bishimwa n’Abanyarwanda bose mu guharanira ubwigenge, iterambere n’ishema by’igihugu ndetse n’ubumwe bw’abagituye.
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