Sobanukirwa n’ibirango by’u Rwanda mu myaka isaga 900, Kuva kuri Rwoga kugeza ku Ibendera. Amafoto

Mu byo igihugu kiba kigomba kugira ngo kibe gifite ubusugire n’ubudahangarwa mu ruhando rw’ibindi bihugu byo ku isi, ni uko kiba gifite ibirango bikiranga ari na byo biba binakubiyemo intego icyo gihugu kizagenderaho mu kwiyubaka imyaka amagana n’amagana.

Nk’uko tubikesha igitabo “Intwari z’imbanza, zubatse u Rwanda rugahamya igitinyiro”, cyanditswe n’umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu, inzobere mu muco, amateka n’ubuvanganzo, kidutekerereza mu buryo bwimbitse uruhererekane rw’ibirango by’igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu myaka isaga 931 (1091-2022) ishize rwiswe igihugu.

Muri icyo gitabo, Umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu yagaragaje ko Gihanga ari we wahanze ibirangagihugu bya mbere mu Rwanda, ubwo yahangaga igihugu cy’i Gasabo ari na cyo cyabaye inkomoko y’u Rwanda, kikagira ibirangagihugu bitatu ari byo Urusengo (Nyamilinga) nk’igikoresho cy’umuziki cyashushanyaga ubwisanzure, ubusugire n’ibitaramo by’abaturage bafite amahoro.

Nyamilinga akaba ari izina rikomoka ku nshinga ya kera yitwa “Kulinga’’ bishatse kuvuga Icyizere ntagamburuzwa cy’ahazaza h’igihugu kiramye.

Habaga kandi Inyundo (NYARUSHARA) yo gucurisha. Inyundo bavugaga ko ari “Inyundo yacuze Abami, inyundo nk’ikimenyetso cyo guhanga igihugu” igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gucura ibikoresho bishya, nk’uko Gihanga yahanze igihugu.

Umuriro wo wagombaga guhora ucanye, kuko washushanyaga “Uburame bw’ubwami, ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’ubusugire bw’igihugu”.

Imiterere y’ibirangagihugu mu gihe u Rwanda rwagengwaga n’abami mu gihe cy’imyaka 870(1091-1961), ikirango cy’igihugu cyabaga ari igihangano runaka babaga barahisemo guha uwo murimo, naho izina ryacyo bagihaye rikaba ikirangantego kigaragaza umuhigo w’ibihe byose bazagenderaho mu kucyubaka.

Mu gihe ibirango by’igihugu byo mu bihe bya Repubulika usanga byaratandukanyijwe cyane kandi ari byinshi. Aho usanga hariho Ibendera ukwaryo, ikirangantego kikaba ukwacyo hakiyongeraho n’indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu.

Ingoma Ngabe Rwoga

Nyuma y’inama y’umushyikirano yabereye i Nkotsi na Bikara ahasaga mu wa 1100, abami bakemeranya guhuriza hamwe ibihugu byabo bikarema igihugu kimwe cy’igihangange, ni bwo Gihanga wari umaze guhabwa inshingano zo kuba umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w’uwo mushinga yatangiye gutekereza ibirango bishya bizaba biranga icyo gihugu cyari kitarabona izina.

Ingoma ngabe ya mbere y’ibihugu byiyunze yahanzwe na Gihanga muri ibyo bihe ni yo yiswe “Rwoga” bishaka kuvuga “Kogera cyangwa se Gukwira”.

Ni ukuvuga ko Rwoga yahanzwe ari Ingoma Ngabe y’inzibacyuho yagombaga kuranga igihugu cyari kuva mu ihuriro ry’ibihugu byishyize bikarema igihugu kimwe.

Aho umugambi w’ihuzabihugu utangiriye, ku ngoma y’umwami Cyilima Rugwe ahasaga mu wa 1345, ni bwo icyo gihugu cyabonewe izina cyitwa: “U Rwanda”. Nuko Rwoga ihera ubwo iba ingoma ngabe y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda.

Uburame bw’ingoma ngabe Rwoga bwabaye imyaka 399 kuko yimye ahasaga mu wa 1100 kugeza ubwo yanyagwaga n’Abanyabungo ahasaga mu wa 1499.

Nubwo Gihanga yashyizeho Ingoma ngabe Rwoga nk’ikirangabwami cy’ibihugu byiyunze, ntiyigeze ikuraho bya bindi bya mbere, kuko wari umurage ufite icyo usobanuye.

Mu mihango yo kwimika umwami n’umugabekazi baherezwaga Inyundo, Ingoma ngabe (Rwoga-Kalinga), Urusengo (Nyamiringa), Urushingo rwo gucana umuriro.

Ingoma Ngabe Kalinga

Igihugu kitagira ibirango, ntikiba kikiri igihugu, bitewe nuko Rwoga yari Ingoma Ngabe y’u Rwanda yari yaranyazwe n’Abanyabungo, Ruganzu Ndoli ubwo yimaga ingoma, yahise atekereza uko yayisimbuza indi ngoma, kugira ngo igihugu cyongere kibeho gifite ibirango byuzuye.

Ndoli yimye u Rwanda rusa n’aho rutakiriho n’Ingoma Ngabe yarwo Rwoga yaranyazwe n’Abanyabungo. Ruganzu Ndoli amaze kwima Ingoma ya Se Cyamatare, yimitse Kalinga ho Ingabe isimbura Rwoga.

Ingoma Ngabe Kalinga, nayo yiswe izina rikomoka ku nshinga “Kulinga” ikaba ifite igisobanuro gisa nk’icya Nyamilinga Urusengo rwa Gihanga.

Kalinga bisobanura “Inkingi Y’icyizere Cy’ahazaza”. Uburame bw’ingoma ngabe Kalinga bwabaye imyaka 451 kuko yimye ahasaga mu wa 1510 izungurwa na Repubulika mu wa 1961.

Ibendera rya Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri

Ibendera ry’ igihugu u Rwanda rukibona ubwigenge, ryari rifite amabara atatu ariyo Umutuku, Umuhondo n’icyatsi Kibisi tutibagiwe n’inyuguti ya ‘R’ yagaragaraga mu ibara ry’umuhondo. Niryo ryazunguye ibirango by’ingoma ya cyami.

Ubwo u Rwanda rwatangiraga umujyo mushya w’ibirango bishya bigizwe n’Ibendera ryazunguye ingoma Ngabe, ni na bwo hadutse n’ibindi birango bishya birimo Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu n’Ikirangantego.

Uburame bw’Ibendera ry’ igihugu, rifite amabara atatu “Umutuku, Umuhondo n’icyatsi Kibisi”, bwabaye imyaka 40 kuko ryazamuwe mu wa 1961 ryururutswa mu wa 2001.

Ibendera ry’ u Rwanda rushya

Nyuma yo kubona ivangura ryari riri mu ibendera rya mbere ryatanyaga abaturarwanda, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hafashwe umwanzuro wo kurihindura harebwa irindi abaturarwanda bose bibonamo.

Hashyizweho ibendera ry’amabara atatu ariyo Umuhondo w’izahabu, ubururu-juru (burimo izuba rifite imirasire isa na zahabu) n’icyatsi kibisi. Iri bendera ari naryo rikoreshwa ubu, ryatangiye ku wa 31 Mutarama 2001, ubwo byatangazwaga ku mugaragaro.

IGIHE

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